In developing countries, it is difficult to find mentor/supervisor for PhD students who want to pursue their research(s) in new areas such as VGI, SDI, Spatial Data Mining, Spatial Agriculture, m-governance and crowd sourcing etc. The reasons include brain drain. Therefore, to reduce digital divide in a sense, researchers/scholars/institution who can contribute to advise students especially of developing countries voluntarily are requested to help out.
@Miranda Yeoh. You are absolutely right. This is one of the biggest advantage RG has offered for which we all should say thanks to RG administration . But the challenge is, to get willingness and consent of volunteers who can spare 10-15 minutes or even may be less daily to contribute to generate new knowledge in economically less developed countries.
When I did my PhD, I had an external supervisor in Australia. It wasn't a new area of research, but I believe that the external supervisor contributed a lot to my research, because he supplied his papers that I cited. That person is on RG now, and I follow him. But at that time RG did not exist. I think It's a good idea to look for your external supervisor on RG.
@Miranda Yeoh. You are absolutely right. This is one of the biggest advantage RG has offered for which we all should say thanks to RG administration . But the challenge is, to get willingness and consent of volunteers who can spare 10-15 minutes or even may be less daily to contribute to generate new knowledge in economically less developed countries.
@Asmat, it's not easy to find such a person. I had one external supervisor in US at first; he had a lot of knowledge in my field. I cited many of his papers, but he told me that it was stressful. I think he was rather old, so I looked for another person. My research committee at the university was just so happy that there was an expert!
This is really big issue for developing countries. Research Gate administration should come forward and start a separate page within RG portal exclusively for Volunteer Researcher who have spare time to facilitate research scholars in their respective domain area.
A good example to follow is "The United Nations Volunteers (UNV) programme " www.unv.org/.
Time banks in many developed countries is also another example.
Welcome. Please have a look at my RG profile and papers with my MSc & PhD students (nearly all) covering all inhabited continents and a rather wide range of topics. I would happily co-supervise your PhD, if our research interests match.
@Hein Van Gils. Thanks a lot, Sir. This is the spirit which is needed right now. I value and appreciate it very much. I will write you separately more details about my intended PhD research. Thanks once again for offering support.
More volunteers like respected Hein Van Gils are requested to contribute in the similar way. I am planning to prepare a database of students who seek similar support and also of volunteers just like Hein Van Gils who can contribute to generate new knowledge and thus help to reduce digital divide which is also a global common.
Regards
asmat
It's true that there are many researchers and teachers here on RG who would be glad to support peers in developing countries. The problem is to bring them into contact, so that they can stick their heads together to lay out project and thesis work.
A practical solution to this problem would be to create a new topic, e.g. called 'Thesis Mentoring'. All peers willing to help as advisors or supervisors can then add this topic to their individual skills list, and interested parties can check easily who is following this topic and which working skills might match for a given field of study.
Dear Asmat, I am a PhD candidate (expected completion date: July 2014) in the department of Geography and Planning and PDF in the school of physical therapy at the University of Saskatchewan. I am willing to supervise (if possible) students once i completed my PhD. My research interests include application of GIS and spatial statistics in social sector development (health, health, population, etc.), healthcare accessibility, GIS based techniques - geocoding, MAUP, units of analysis, etc. For your information, I'm already supervising Master's students from Pakistan. Please let me know if you have any students interested to work...
@Tayyab Ikram Shah. Thanks a lot Sir, for showing interest in reducing barriers to help, generate new knowledge in developing countries. I have enlisted your name among volunteers who will contribute and fight for knowledge economy.
Still more volunteers are required to come up, please. Thanks once again respected Tayyab Ikram Shah, I believe your contribution would be remarkable in the coming days.
Regards
asmat
@Robert Grumbine. Sir, thanks for coming up and offering support willingly. This kind of attitude is tremendously needed. Indeed, your area of interest is significantly important but the most importantly your mind-set to offer your services as a volunteer which shall be valued by all of us who are looking for this kind of mentorship.
Thanks once again and your contribution will matter a lot.
Regards
asmat
@Olena Dubovyk. I appreciate very much your response, Mam. It is an interesting and valuable contribution. I endorse your words that professors and senior researchers are very busy people and often even don't open emails from unknown addresses.
I agree that one of the options is to meet people in the conferences. Unfortunately, due to shrinking economy of developing countries, it is very much difficult to get funding for traveling to attend such conferences abroad even in some cases in big cities within the same country. Moreover, relatively high registration fee to attend such conferences is also an obstacle. In this scenario, email or skype are good and viable options. However, the hardest problem similar to SDIs is the willingness of professors and senior researchers to share their knowledgebase. So, how to do that is still viable research question (I think).
Thanks once again for contributing and surfacing solutions. I will write you separately about my research interest and of course would love to have your support.
Let me mention that some students are writing to me for similar kind of support. After having reasonable number of volunteers and their metadata, I will facilitate such students at the cost of my own time, no problem.
Regards
asmat
There are specialised institutions and universities that offer PhD programmes, often implemented in sandwich mode (so the PhD student develops the PhD research in her/his own country/institute). In the field of water and environment check out for instance UNESCO-IHE: www.unesco-ihe.org
over 95% of the MSc and PhD students in this institute in Delft, The Netherlands, are from developing countries.
Besides, I predict two additional trends to help out increasingly to address this problem:
a) south-south-north cooperation modalities between universities, including 'western' universities opening branches in developing countries
b) development of 'regional' and 'global schools', where universities develop high quality MSc and PhD programmes offered by a consortium of universities. This modality will be based on blended learning, combining e-learning, and mobility of students and teachers/researchers. Check some of the EU programmes, and UNESCO UNITWIN programmes
I forgot to add, that of 16 PhD students and over 200 MSc students graduated, 100% and 90% respectively, were from developing countries.
@ Respected Huub J. Gijzen, after going through the valuable links mentioned by you, I have the following to say:
The fact is only few very lucky students get chance to win foreign scholarships while majority of the students cannot. Now they (unsuccessful students) are left with the only option to stay in their home country and pursue higher studies if they desire so. Moreover, they usually are unable to pay foreign scholars for mentorship. That's why foreign scholars who can guide and supervise free of charge such students are needed. I believe you understand the context of my post.
Regards
asmat
Asmat
That should be the job of university administrators to work on cooperation agreements with universities that have the human resources. There are many all over the world who are willing to help. a forum like RG is a great way to connect.
In my experience universities in OECD countries are often unwilling or unable to provide their experts and expertise without having the PhD candidate for at least 1-2 extensive periods at their university. And the latter would imply insurmountable costs in hard currency for the target group Asmat Ali appears to refer to. Retired supervisors may be a more promising source of qualified PhD supervision at affordable costs.
On the other hand, academic regulations and slow administrations at the candidate's university may present hurdles for fruitful arrangements.
@Robert Grumbine, You may be quite suitable candidate for research support as you work at science-based governmental agencies. Many of us may be working at various scientific governmental agencies. But even If some one is not working in any government organization, it does not mean s/he should not be given chance to earn more knowledge.
@Ahed Jumah Alkhatib, thanks for joining us and contributing beautiful share.
I totally agree with you that students ask for help to set their research direction. I endorse your words, "supervisor who is ready to help them and to give them his experience in a gentle way, to increase their confidence level" , that's perfect.
Respected Ahed, I really appreciate your generous contribution in this debate. I endorse your words fully, " supervisors are not ready, never satisfied and make personal barriers. unfortunately, most students have experienced such attitudes and that's why they are suffering"
Dear Asmat, your question is also useful. Surprising enough, such a need does not exist only in developing countries, but also in developed ones. Why? For different reasons there, not due to brain drain, but due to less available time of the professors: They prefer working for other tasks, more profitable or more prestigious, like Banks, Government, University Administration and so on. Thus, PhD students have an advisor just nominally. (If you have to make 5 non-answered phone calls and send 3 emails in order to arrange just a meeting, then, what kind of Phd Advising is this?)
Dear Demetris Christopoulos, first of all thanks for joining. Your reply is quite spectacular and to the point. You are right that such need exists in developing as well as developed countries. I fully agree with you that time poverty is the problem. Indeed, money is the main driver and motive for such professors and this is the new dilemma, I think so. Thanks for contributing and enriching the discussion with a nice and outstanding reply.
I assume Asmat request is for a mostly free and volunteer contribution from qualified personal, being them University or non-University staff (for instance, some researcher at a National Lab). The question of time availability is of course critical, and time is money, as we all know. I had the luck to find very good and supportive supervisors at Delft University (The Netherlands), in spite of no financial support. Some developed countries indeed offer fellowships for foreign students, like Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, and others. Giving the great development in BRIC countries and others, on the numbers of PhD candidates, I do not think these formal arrangements give (even just for an elite) answer for this large growth in numbers. So, Asmat has raised a very interesting debate, using one of the new means available today: a social network. It would be positive to get some ideas for an Institutional Development, even that things be kept rather informal in the short term.
Just as an example, I have already helped a couple of students in this way, changing a few emails after an initial request. Of course, they have come to my knowledge through their supervisors, which new my research. The time invested was rather short, but I think it was important for their results, judging for the acknowledgements I received at the end.
Concluding (has this becomes a long answer), just by adding some functionality in (for instance) Research Gate, the potential for binding potential mentors/ technical supervisors to PhD Candidates would be greatly enhanced. Plus, upon agreement (there should be privacy clauses, off course), the results could be publicly scored, which is already a form on non-monetary retribution.
Dear João Paulo Hespanha, thanks for joining and contributing. No doubt, you have fully understood the question and it's objective for posting this thread. Let me add, some respondents replied but partially. A couple of good ideas like time bank concept floated by @Munir Ahmed are really good but nothing works if money is not made visible.
There is only one area for which most of my fellow PhD students and I too are bothering and facing tremendous difficulties and that is research direction. Once the direction is set, the rest will be followed by the students themselves.
The points mentioned by @ Demetris Christopoulos in his post, are ground truths and I already have experienced while communicating with some volunteer supervisors who offered to assist. After exchange of one or two e-mails everything disappeared because “time availability is of course critical, and time is money”, as you said.
Best Regards
asmat
A few haphazard thoughts:-
All higher degree students should be encouraged to seek additional advice/input, develop a network, attend conferences, and so on.
'Volunteer' supervision is an add-on to the formal 'supervisory panel' not a replacement for it.
I am not sure what happens elsewhere, but in Australian Universities, 'volunteer' supervision is generally not recognised by faculties/schools as contributing to an academic staff member's workload (teaching, research, administration, supervision, etc.).
Personally, I have assisted a number of higher degree students including several from Asian countries, but not as part of their formal supervisory panel. This usually comes in the form of specific advice regarding a specific issue but should not be seen as 'supervision.'
Money (as mentioned by several respondents) is not part of the equation - it is almost entirely TIME.
Yes, there are volunteers to be advisors if not supervisors for PhD students in developing countries. I agree with this statement and also @ Prof.Olena Dubovyk, @ Pro. John Jennings and @Prof.João Paulo Hespanha answers all are very nice one.
Thanks Prof.Asmat Ali for your valuable question please.
A good discussion, adding to knowledge . Proper guides are necessary for good research. Many students dre lucky to get one .
@ Nasser. I agree with you that there should be the job of university administrators to work on cooperation agreements with universities that have the human resources. Collaborative agreements may solve the problem of external PhD supervisors.
I think one supervisor is not enough now a days, because fields of knowledge have become very complex, even in specialized narrow research areas we have a large amount of knowledge that is beyond the capabilities of one person (the supervisor).
I support the idea of having as many as possible external co-supervisors to help guiding the poor guy to the light out of the dark channel. This can be done online, but the main supervisor should be there, exist physically around the student to support him, at least emotionally.
Dear sir, unfortunately and based on my own observations, a lack of supervision does occur in developing countries NOT just because of drain-brains but because lots lack of real expertise of how to do the supervision appropriately. It is the reality...I hope things will change but its the true and its shame to say such. Yours,
RG has made it possible for the research students to search for specialists in the concerned field and consult them with any serious issues they are facing in the methodology.
I am sure we are more than happy to be of use to the beginners.
In developing countries such as India the situation is quite different and extreme. There are couple of world class Institutes with world class research, where the supervisors have got trained in the International arena. They have enough funding both national and International.
Meanwhile most are unfortunate sort of research Institutes, without any pertinent facilities, proper supervision and also funds.
Carrying out PhD in such unfortunate Institutes is definitely an uphill task!!!
@ Asmat, true, not all are blessed with proper guides and guidelines, really at a blank wall, regarding that :((
We may not get a ideal guide to lead us, but many of peers can share their valuable insight which would be better than to wait for a Holy angel..
In our university, guide and co-guide are acceptable one. I think every guide must allow the co-guide for the good research of thier candidates. i.e. co-guide must act as a volunteer. But it is not happened in many of the Phd cases. As a research scholar I thanks to RG for knowledge sharing & fullfil the research gap. Here I noticed my guide give to me a proper guidelines for my research.
As a researcher we don't have any right to blame the guide. It is the responsibility of the researcher to raise up to the occasion and meet our essentials. Let us justify ourselves how many of us do a proper literature survey before taking up the research topic? Don't solely depend on guide. We need to put our effort to the extent possible and then expect our guide to help us. I think this should be the way to attain more knowledge and empowerment in research field
Thesis Mentoring can be a separate blog like Q/A Session, and will enlighten different views to a research project.
Please vote for this question to say to tell " our friends from RG team to add this feature to RG platform" as suggest by @Kamal Eddin Bani-Hani
@Mbaye Babacar Gueye,
Thanks for participating and supporting . I just want to add:
@Miranda Yeoh, initiated the discussion. The solution was proposed by @Michael Brückner https://www.researchgate.net/post/Are_there_volunteers_to_be_advisors_if_not_supervisors_for_PhD_students_of_developing_countries/1 and respected @Prof. Kamal Eddin Bani-Hani was the first one to support the proposed solution followed by @Krishnan Umachandran as can be seen on page 6 of this thread. https://www.researchgate.net/post/Are_there_volunteers_to_be_advisors_if_not_supervisors_for_PhD_students_of_developing_countries/6
Therefore, I hereby endorse statement of respected Prof. Kamal, “I voted for this question from the first moment”.
Only 28 people has supported this question and of course respected @Prof. Kamal was the first one to support this question. Similar kind of support is still awaited.
I am quite old now. However if any person from any country wants any academic assistance I am ready to extend my cooperation.
Really this is very nice question and yes it will very good if such guidance given to researcher than many researchers can achieve their goal.
My wish is to see foreign professors coming to our universities to supervise the PhD students in the few programs we have in our country. But the realization of this wish is difficult since we live in a troubled area which is "understandably" avoided.
I think volunteers will always be available, but problem is with the mechanics and recognition. As of today most of the graduate college procedures are so tight that there is no formal recognition is possible for any additional help. One possibility is that graduate college policies can be amended such that people from outside university can become part of the advising committee in which case recognition is possible. Some universities in India have started doing that. In these days of excellent communication, IMHO persons can very well do the advising from abroad without physically coming to the university. However one visit at least during the process thesis will help a better understanding between the candidate and the professor.
One of the best ways it may be acceptable and feasible (to act as a volunteer Ph.D advisors or supervisors in a developing country Uni where there is a lacking of appropriate skill personnel in new and emerging disciplines) if the qualifications and professional experience of the said volunteer Ph.D advisors or supervisors are assessed and recognised by the concerned university prior to allowing to supervise a student (approved by relevant department/ and or by vice chancellors office of the university). In this way, the quality of the volunteer Ph.D advisors or supervisors engaged in the programme will be ensured and reciprocally the volunteer Ph.D advisors or supervisors can claim their time, experiences etc. in their CV.
I believe that many researchers can contribute to advise students especially of developing countries voluntarily. It is a brilliant idea.
There has to be a body or council which governs it to call your supervision to be valid, otherwise it will lack interest and meaning.
I agree with this nice idea to act as a mentor for master/PhD students. For this reason I am involved in an interesting group http://www.mentornet.net/ where I helped some PhD students. With some of them I met in person after some times and I am very happy to see them in good positions!
It is very important to have such volunteer activity since the young generation (anywhere in the world) need to be able to develop good skills with our guidance. There are many young researchers from developing countries, very hard working but if they do not have good advisers they will never succeed in their careers.
The most important think is to help them on publication realm. This think is very important for obtaining master or PhD degree and also for any promotion.
During my visits as Invited Speaker (in different countries) I am always interacting with young master/PhD students and try to explain them the importance of an original research work and also where and how to publish.
Thanks @ Jennings the problem with this conferences is that most are not free and the amount requested for registration is high. Most cannot afford, organizations also support few with strings attached!
I would say that volunteer supervision is concerned with some specific technical issues and that's why I think it can not replace the traditional supervisors. It may add up some highly valuable contribution to the aspirant's research work. Volunteer supervision is what is called technology transfer and mutual interaction among scientific groups or individuals, on the other hand supervisors are the mentors to some extents if they are actually involved in PhD research.
Surely if it happens then its Good opportunity for Researchers who can not able to finish on time just because non availability of Guidance..
Its an add-on advantage for the researchers and would-be scientists mainly in developing countries. They may get good guidance specifically in their area of research.
Most of the academic or research scientist would be able to guide a Ph.D student, if they require assistance in their thesis work. Candidates need to explore it. If there is request from a candidate, i am ready to help him out.
Many Universities have a Restriction that Supervisor or co-supervisor should be from among the University Faculty. If one is from the University Faculty the other has to be naturally from the Institution from where the Student is registered,be he from Educational Institution or Industry or other Organization in the Field of Research to which the Candidate belongs.Then where is the question of Volunteers?
If the student is a Full time Scholar,the Volunteer can be the Co-Supervisor if the University Permits. I can also Volunteer in some of these Areas if my age is not a barrier. I am 75 years old.
If another Co-supervisor is also allowed he can be from among the volunteers.Or else the volunteer should be satisfied with his name being given in the Acknowledgement and not as Supervisor or Co-supervisor.
P.S.
I see a great potential for a win-win solution here. There are a lot of untenured scholars available with great knowledge in their area, but have a lack of supervising experience. Many of them, me included, would be happy to provide their knowledge, getting this much needed experience to advance their own career in return.
What we would need is a way to give the potential supervisors/mentors/advisers whatever we wish to call them some recognition for their efforts. In lack of funds for travel the supervising process itself could be done over the internet, emails, skype...
Dear Ali Asmat, I am responding a bit late to your response in May where you said:
--The fact is only few very lucky students get chance to win foreign scholarships while majority of the students cannot. Now they (unsuccessful students) are left with the only option to stay in their home country and pursue higher studies if they desire so. Moreover, they usually are unable to pay foreign scholars for mentorship.---
I agree that scholarships are limited (only for the lucky few), and therefore other ways of mobilising and building supervision capacity and expertise need to be looked at.
In UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, we complement the scholarship supported programmes further with capacity building programmes for universities in developing counties. This means we support universities in developing their own high quality MSc/PhD and research programmes locally, and as such we build local and regional research and supervisory capacities.
Besides, the global connectivity options currently available, are basically unlimited and we should explore how to use this wisely and effectively. I am currently working as UNESCO Regional Director for the Asia and the Pacific Science Bureau (based in Jakarta), and as part of our ongoing work we are piloting new ways to mobilise the power of connectivity. For example, we have established Connect Asia (see: http://www.connect-asia.org/), which is a platform connecting national Higher Education and research platforms of countries in the region into a large scale regional platform. We have also started new initiatives such as the 'UNESCO Asia School of Biotechnology' (see: http://www.icb.osaka-u.ac.jp/UNESCO%20biotechnology%20school_e.html), in an attempt to link up some 20 universities in Asia to jointly develop a high quality Biotech programme, starting with a joint MSc and later a joint PhD programme. The materials provided are partly delivered via e-learning, and partly via classroom and laboratory sessions, complemented wth a mobility component (for both students and teachers). I believe that e-learning needs to evolve into a next level, where we would bank not only on the 'quantity leap' advantage (reaching out to many learners), but more and more also emphasise the 'quality leap' advantage (being able to bring to the classroom the best lecturer/expert in the specific field). Obviously, this all is work in progress......
Interesting discussion going on here.
To continue on my suggestion. To get the connection between people needing supervision, and people able and willing to do that just in exchange for some recognition of their efforts, we would need some kind of database. People needing supervision could put an abstract of their research and their problem for potential supervisors to see. Potential supervisors again could list their qualifications and expertise for students to see. All this should be able in a searchable database, or even better with somekind of match-making.
This should be provided by respectful mediator, perhaps the World Bank or Unesco, who would provide quality control guaranteeing that the students are from "real universities" and the qualifications of the supervisors. The only reward the supervisor would receive and need is some acknowledgment of their efforts. A further incentive for untenured, but adept, scholars would be if leading universities would publicly announce that the supervision experience gained trough this arrangement would be counted in their favor in their recruitment processes.
If this suggestion makes sense to you, I would be happy to write the first draft of this system to be sent to the above mentioned organisations. Please add your comment with any suggestions or send me a private message!
I think that RG should open a section for graduate students to ask questions and get advice. It goes without saying that the student should acknowledge such a help. RG should be the forum to search and find the appropriate advisor and then the relationship can be more formal.
Hi Costas, graduate students can and in my understanding also ask questions at RG already. Do we really need different levels at RG?
@Jan Kunnas,
Thanks a lot for continuously contributing. I see quite good suggestion put forward by you. You know seeing is believing. Therefore, I suggest and recommend, please do write the first draft of the proposed system to be sent to the mentioned organizations by you.
I appreciate your idea as well as courage to do some thing tangible. Thanks in advance.
Thanks Asmat for the encouragement and your good question that got this wonderful string started. I will try to write the first draft in a few days, and will post it here when finished.
OK, as suggested and requested here is my first draft for the letter.
LETTER for draft
All comments welcomed
Dear receivers [appropriate persons in World Bank and/or Unesco]
We, the signatories to this letter have recognized the need for a system to help students in developing countries to find suitable and qualified mentors and supervisors. We believe that your organizations would be the most suitable to make it happen.
University students in developing countries often find it difficult to find mentors or supervisors for their PhD. This is especially true for students who want to pursue their research in new areas with no or little qualified practitioners in their home countries. At the same time there exists an substantial pool of PhD holders across the globe that would be willing to provide supervision in exchange for only some recognition of their efforts, or just for the knowledge of advancing science for the benefit of the global community. We know that for sure, as we all signing this letter is willing to do that.
To facilitate the initial connection of people needing supervision, and people able and willing to do that some kind of database is needed. Persons needing supervision could put an abstract of their research and their problem for potential supervisors to see. Potential supervisors again could list their qualifications and expertise for students to see. All this should be able in a searchable database, preferably with kind of match-making procedure.
The only reward the supervisor would receive and need is some acknowledgment of their efforts. There are a lot of untenured scholars available with great knowledge in their area, but have a lack of supervising experience. Many of them, me included, would be happy to provide their knowledge, getting this much needed experience to advance their own career in return. A further incentive for untenured, but adept, scholars would be if leading universities would publicly announce that the supervision experience gained trough this arrangement would be counted in their favor in their recruitment processes.
As the mentors and supervisors would not get any monetary compensation for their time and efforts, the running of the system would not require large funds to work. In the lack of funds for travel the supervising process itself could be done over the internet, emails, skype... For the system to be trustworthy a respectful mediator is, however, needed, who would provide quality control guaranteeing that the students are from "real universities" and the qualifications of the supervisors. that is why we have contact you as representatives for the World Bank and Unesco.
Dr. Jan Kunnas
PhD in History & Civilization, European University Institute, Florence Italy
Independent scholar, Jyväskylä, Finland
+ all other signatories with their information
Thanks Asmat for the additions, I will now wait for more comments, and will eventually make another version incorporating all the comments I am hoping for. I am hopeful that in a few weeks we can have a final letter that I can ask everyone participating in this chain to back with their own names.
My opinions are accessible via RG and hopefully useful for students worldwide. I cannot do more than that accepting that each local education environment has its own way of functioning, e.g what is culturally acceptable in one country is perhaps not acceptable in another country.
Dear Asmat
The document seems good. In fact it is already existing in some form in RG itself. My suggestion would be instead of some other organization doing it, RG can provide this:
Open a separate area for graduate students to formulate their research questions and post them, so that people who are in that particular area of interest can respond with their comments. Once a certain level of interest expressed, then it will be easier for the student to pinpoint the persons who are likely to associate with the project over a long period. That way it can take off without much additional effort.
Respected Dr. Rao,
Thanks for the comments. Credit goes to Jan Kunnas. Once the draft document (attached here) gets final shape it can also be sent to RG in addition to World Bank and UNESCO etc. We value your suggestion.
Dear All,
I missed to attach the draft letter with the message shared with all of you few moments ago. It is attached here, please.
Good suggestion Asmat,
I'm doing my PhD in 2 universities (Senegal UCAD and UPMC France), but I notice that sometimes, there is a real lack of Supervisors in some areas and of materials also. It will be great to include travel supports, it can help students ti find new way, new environment of work
My initial thought was to wait some time for comments and then revise the letter. Now Asmat and Wendy have done some nice edits to the document, so I suggest we continue this way for some time. Anyone is invited to make their own edits, and attach the result for everyone else to see and edit further. Also separate comments in the answer field are still welcomed.
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