https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/risk-assessment-reappraisals-for-potential-hazards-2329-6879.1000187.php?aid=35891

risk assessment reappraisals for potential hazards

Leakages, flammability, acoustic hazards and flue gases emissions are some of the most popular hazards

Dear Carlos,

Identifying the sites where an accumulation of NORM / TENORM is possible is fundamental, in terms of radiation protection and safety . In particular, if there is a fraction of production water in the process, there is the possibility that scale the radio is coprecipitated as Ba(Ra)SO4(s) or another common form of NORM.

Best regards.

RAHMAN, R. O., et al. Remediation of NORM and TENORM Contaminated Sites. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2014, vol. 33, no 2, p. 588.

YANG, Khalid ALNabhani Faisal Khan Ming. Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 2015, vol. 71, p. 249-260.

DIMITROVSKI, Lubi. Report on the Status of Regulation for NORM/TENORM in Australia. Japanese Journal of Health Physics, 2005, vol. 40, no 1, p. 79-86.

There are a lot of potential risks. The most prominent are safety risks. Risks associated with oil radioactive measuring devices are not among the leaders. Safety, environmental and economic risks (often associated with reliability) are probably the most important risks.

The risk of fire is probably the most common potentially catastrophic safety risk , the release of extremely hazardous material like HF is a low probability safety risk with extremely high potential consequences. Preventing oil spills, leaks both minor and major containing them when they inevitably happen is also an important consideration.

The risk of operators tripping or falling etc is a significant problem and there are also a large number of relatively minor safety risks like bumping heads on low piping, tripping hazards etc.

That’s just the tip of the iceberg there actually many courses ranging from a 15 minute to ½ hour presentation almost every refinery requires before outsiders are allowed to enter to multi week courses that explore prevention, reduction and elimination of safety risks

Refineries also face other significant types risks including but not limited to equipment reliability, feed vs product pricing margins and unplanned outages for various reasons and tremendous logistic challenges importing and exporting large quantities of materials.

Let me know if you want to discuss and particular type of risk in greater detai

Health risk associated with exposure to chemicals such Ammonia could result to respiratory disorders like tight chest, sore throat and respiratory tract irritation. Another chemical for example hydrogen cyanide is also harmful to human health when exposed to it.