Yes . many aspects of environment have been changing due to the impact of climate change. based of local environmental change, birds adaptation capacity allows them to stay own locality rather than moving to south. south environment is going to be hotter over the time.

One example I read about recently was Canada geese.

In many Holarctic bird species, migration phenology is adjusting towards an earlier arrival to breeding grounds to accommodate the earlier onset of spring [brought about by global warming]. In addition, an increasing number of studies have also reported that Holarctic migrants are shortening their migration and overwinter at higher latitudes closer to their breeding grounds.

An international team of biologists and ecologists used GPS and body-acceleration data on juvenile white storks to report on shifts in the birds' migratory behaviors. They concluded that wintering in Europe instead of Africa enhances juvenile survival in a long-distance migrant.

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Syed Talha Timizi, I take note of your useful comments, thank you very much!

Regards

You are most welcome Jean-Pierre Jost !

Dear Jean-Pierre Jost,

As mentioned by Syed Talha Tirmizi, White Storks are an oft cited example of a species whose overwintering numbers in Europe are increasing. This is especially true for southern countries such as Spain (see Molina& Moral 2005), Greece, and Italy. For those birds that do overwinter, there appears to be survival benefits(Rotics et al. 2017). Black Kites are another example of a species that is tending towards overwintering in southern Europe (Literak et al. 2017). For an analysis of changes in the migration patterns of both of these species you can check out work that I did with Fundacion Migres counting migratory soaring birds crossing the Strait of Gibraltar (Scholer et al. 2016). Finally, probably the best known example of loss of migratory habit in a passerine (i.e., songbird) is for the Blackcap (Berthold & Terrill 1988).

I hope you find these citations useful.

All the best,

Micah

Bethold & Terrill. Migratory behaviour and population growth ofBlackcaps wintering in Britain and Ireland:some hypotheses. Ringing and Migration 9: 153-159.

Literak et al. 2017. Common wintering of black kites (Milvus migrans migrans) in Greece, and new data on their wintering elsewhere in Europe. Slovak Raptor Journal 11: DOI: 10.1515/srj-2017-0001 (pdf available on RG).

Molina B. & Del Moral J.C. 2005. La Cigüeña Blanca en España:

VI censo internacional 2004. Birdlife International, Madrid.

Rotics et al. 2017. Wintering in Europe instead of Africa enhances juvenile survivalin a long-distance migrant. Animal Behavior 126: 79-88.

Scholer et al. 2017. Variable shifts in the autumn migration phenology of soaring birds from southern Spain. Ardea 104: 83-94.

Dear Micah Scholer,

Thank you very much for taking you time to give me so many useful information. I am just curious, this change in migration behaviour is it an adaptation of all individuals to a gradual climatic change or is it a selection of mutants among a population of birds?

Best regards jp

This is an excellent question, and one that ecologists and evolutionary biologists alike have had an enduring interest. I would direct you to the long list of publications by Dr. Peter Berthold's at the Max Plank Institute for Ornithology https://www.orn.mpg.de/589467/Prof_Dr_Peter_Berthold. Short answer is that it appears to be an adaptation of all individuals, but this can sometimes occur very rapidly (

Thank you very much for your precious information! It is certain that birds are not preprogramed like robots. The great plasticity of their gene expression enable them to learn from experience. The few intelligent one that have found a solution to a problem may be followed the other one…

Good luck for your research

jp

The migration pattern of certain birds seems to change. I give you just 2 examples. I have observed that some Red kites Milvus milvus living around Basel in Switzerland are not migrating anymore to Spain and they spend the winter in the same area where the Black kites Milvus migrans are living. Some Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros living in the city of Basel do not migrate anymore and during the winter they spend the nights sitting on the pipes in the deep garages of the city. During this time they eat mostly fat spiders that they find in the corners of windows of old buildings.