To be safe, It takes more time and efforts. It is necessasry to apply a lot of procedures that depends on the infrastructure of the universities and schools. Examples of these procedures and processes:
- the student should open his computer's camera.
- If the test's items are objective (i.e. MCQs), It is important to insert more No. of items than the required in the test, and ask the system to shuffle items randomely.
- The test's time should be specified either all students answer the test simutaneously or in groups.
In spite of these procedures, we don't acheive the degree of integrity befor when the tests were applied inside the classrooms.
In the physical world exams are conducted using controlled environments e.g. closed room, invigilators, time-keepers etc. In an online environment similar measures would need to be adopted for exams to be considered credible and authentic.
In my opinion, it is not so, no matter how much teachers try to reduce cheating among students, they will not be able to prevent it 100%, because the new generation is experienced in using technologies and programs, so it will most likely find a way to manipulate these programs, and therefore I do not think that it is 100% safe... My sincere gratitude to all.
From my experience, having conducted several online exams for undergraduate students ever since the onset of the year and even hitherto. The approach was to set a timely applied (scenario-based) questions coupled with fill in the gaps which then limited the students chances of cheating and it has been effective in portraying the standard a face-to-face examination will give.
In otherwords, physical or online, what matters is how standard the paper is in terms of applicability, and how well monitored the examination-specific procedures are.
There are multiple online proctored examination platforms available. They generate data of students based on their movement or any activity during the exam and report the proctors.
IMO, the teaching and learning systems need improvements. In the next 10-20 years, virtual learning/exams will be one of the biggest/common modes of learning.
I believe distance learning and open book exams are reliable if coupled with descriptions of actual concept application. In other words, along with explaining a concept or defining a term on an exam, the response must proffer real and verifiable evidence. Of course, the instructor must take the appropriate steps to actually confirm tangibility.