In order to start up a hydro unit and connect it to the grid, it needs to reach the frequency of the grid first, then can be safely connected,
I wonder, is there any way to measure, calculate or approximate the amount of water needed for synchronization? How long does it take usually?say, for a Francis turbine and generator of 250MW and 50Hz gird.
I would appreciate if you can introduce me some references on this technical subject too.,
The power for synchronisation of the hydro-generator should overcome the electrical, mechanical, and hydraulic losses at no load conditions. Roughly this amount is about 5%. If the water head is constant, then the discharge required during the synchronisation approximately equals to the no load losses /(9.81*head) on SI units. You are welcome to read the relevant sections in the second volume of my dynamic security book that is available at my RG page. Good luck
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