I am particularly interested in finding out which term was used first smart city or smart community and also how much delay their may have been. I know that the term smart community has become associated with the concept of the smart city, was this always the case ?
You could try searching on Google Books' Ngram Viewer (see link below). If you type in all the terms, it seems like smart city has quite some history, with a first peak in the 1930s. I guess today it is much higher than in Google Ngram which stops at 2008.
So regarding your question, following Google one could say no, smart city was much earlier in use than smart commuity, probably first getting associated in the beginning of the 2000s. However, Google does not tell how the term was used and if this can be comparable with contemporary uses.
https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=smart+city%2Csmart+communities%2Csmart+cities&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1800&year_end=2008
Hi Tim,
In the early 90s a research Group at the University of Naples Federico II led by Corrado Beguinot was working on the idea of wired city in terms of e.government, accessibility to urban services and facilities and, in general a way to improving quality of everyday life. Unfortunately you can't find online the results of the research. A similar approach has been chosen by:
Graham, S., Marvin, S., Telecommunications and the city: electronic spaces, urban place, London, Routledge, 1996
In the early 2000 the term for defining this idea was "intelligent city"
Komninos Nicos, Intelligent cities: innovation, knowledge systems and digital spaces, London, Spon Press, 2002.
Also Florida and Nijkamp have discussed these terms:
Caragliu, A, Del Bo, C. & Nijkamp, P, Smart cities in Europe (2009)
Regarding smart communities:
Coe A, Paquet, G. and Roy, J., E-governance and smart communities: a social learning challenge, in Social Science Computer Review, vol. 19, nº 1, 2001, pp. 80–93.
Thanks, that is really helpful. It appears that the term smart cities does very much pre date the term smart communities. I think it is interesting how the meaning of both have evolved over time
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