TRT is well know therapy to treat hipogonadism in men after 50´s. We use gel, oral or injection of testosterone to replacement. But gel form, in most of times get lowerst values, why?
Did you use the same type of Testosterone (enanthate etc.)? How often did you apply the gel and how often did you administer the oral or injection dose? Did you use the same dosages?
It might be due to the absorbance rate of the drug through the skin or the vehicle in which it was dissolved. Also did you make sure that the participants leave the topical gel long enough before perhaps removing it via washing?
Transdermal testosterone serum levels depends on the rate at which it reachs the body extracellular fluid, while injected form obligatory reach extracellular fluid.