If I know the environmental content of a environmetal pollutant, what dose should be chosen to evaluate the safety of this pollutant? can anybody provide a handbook or procedure for that?
The "Environmental dose" as you describe it has no direct link to any dose that is calculated to be hazardous. Very often in large cities many of the concentrations of PAH for example is already far in excess of the de minimis value (usually 1x10^-6). The most comprehensive source of information about quantitative risk determination is Dennis Paustenbach. The text is large and expensive. Essentially, you need to get to the EPA "IRIS" data set and find your pollutant's slope factor (also called CPF), for carcinogens, and the reference dose (RfD) for non-carcinogens. Then you calculate the Chronic daily intake for the subject individual and from there calculate the Risk (for carcinogens) and the Hazard Index (non-carcinogens).The four-step US EPA model is the one to use. It's a bit more complex than this but this gives you the idea.
Estimado amigo. No hay una regla única en este tópico. Es muy discutible y nunca habrá acuerdos. Las últimas tendencias señalan que tanto aire como suelo y aguas están muy contaminados. Cada año, la investigación y la industria expulsa al entorno ambiental, cientos de miles de nuevos compuestos que no existían en la naturaleza. Muchos de ellos se acumulan en órganos vitales de los seres vivos, desencadenando, de acuerdo a cada individuo, una reacción alergénica de distinta intensidad. Las especies tóxicas actúan combinadamente de forma compleja y aun no muy bien entendida. Hace unos años atrás, los estado unidenses consumían aprox. 7 microgramos por kg de biocidas diariamente. A decir verdad, por mi humilde experiencia en este tema, esa dósis es insoportable. Hoy sabemos que ha aumentado el numero de pacientes con cáncer en aproximadamente poco más de 6 %., de la población. Los biocidas están en el aire, en cualquier parte del planeta, cuando ciertamente, no debería haber contaminantes. Aunque la EPA tenga una propuesta, esta propuesta seguro corresponde a una negociación entre las partes involucradas. Otro caso patético: los fenoles¡. Igual seguimos consumiendo alimentos enriquecidos con fenoles. Hasta lluvia con restos fenólicos nos impregna cotidianamente. "La EPA ha determinado que la exposición (no consumo) a una concentración de fenol de 6
mg L-1 en el agua potable durante un período de hasta 10 días no causará efectos adversos en un niño. También ha determinado que la exposición (no consumo) de por vida a 2 mg L-1 de fenol en el agua potable no causará efectos adversos. Por otro lado, la FDA ha determinado que la concentración de fenol en el agua potable para consumo no debe exceder 0.001 mg L-1 (ASTDR, 2008)."
Estimado amigo. La EPA está bien equivocada con este criterio. La exposición humana es mucho mayor que la real.
Dear Friend. There is no single rule on this topic. It is highly questionable and never will Accords. Latest Trends indicate that both air and soil and water are heavily polluted. Each year, the industry Research and expelled to the ambient environment, hundreds of thousands of new compounds that did not exist in nature. Many of them accumulate in vital organs of living beings, triggering, according to each individual, an allergenic reaction of varying intensity. Toxic species act in combination so complex and not understood. Back UNOS makes the Unidenses been consumed approx. 7 micrograms per kg of biocides Daily. According to my humble experience in this area, this dose is unbearable. Today we know that it has increased the number of cancer patients in approximately just over 6%., Of the population. Biocides are in the air, anywhere in the world, certainly. If the EPA has a proposal, this proposal corresponds sure negotiations between the parties. Another pathetic case: the fenoles¡. We like eating food enriched with phenols. To rain remains phenolic impregnated us daily. "The EPA has determined that exposure to a concentration of phenol 6
mg L-1 in drinking water over a period of 10 days will not cause adverse effects in children. Taambién has determined that exposure (without consumption) for life to 2 mg L-1 phenol in drinking water will not cause adverse effects. In addition, the FDA has determined that the concentration of phenol in drinking water consumption should not exceed 0.001 mg L-1 (ATSDR, 2008). "
Dear Friend. The EPA is wrong Well this criterion. Human exposure to phenols is much higher
It's very kind of you for sharing your viewpoints with me. They are useful. I will keep looking for a better way for the selection of exposure dose. Thank you very much.