See CRC handbook .

Dear Adawiya Haider :

Thank you very much.

Helped alot

Best Regards

Qaiser Ali Khan

you are welcome

There have been a few related discussions at this forum:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_could_be_the_alternative_for_Hydrofluoric_acid_in_etching_titanium_metal https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_are_some_of_the_HF_free_etchants_that_can_be_used_to_etch_titanium https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_the_most_comparable_alternative_for_hydroflouric_acid_HF https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_there_an_alternative_for_hydrofluoric_acid_HF_in_etching_Titanium

I recommend 150 mL of acetic acid, 37,5 mL of sulfuric acid and 62.5 mL of HF, this solution is very useful to electropolish, and if you only want chemical etching use 55 mL of HNO3, 7.5 mL of HF and 38 mL of deionized water

Dear Quaiser,

As chemical etching effectively chemically corrodes metal, titanium’s corrosion resistance presents numerous challenges. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) has been used since to 1960s to etch glass, silicon, and titanium and is usually combined with another chemical to produce an etching or surface treatment solution.

The titanium etching process

Titanium etching works much like traditional chemical etching, the process steps summarised as follows:

Effect of HF on titanium

HF acid treatment of Ti surfaces modifies their chemical composition, which becomes stable after 3 min. of etching.Roughness and wetting increased with longer etching time except at 10 min, when roughness increased but wetness decreased. Skewness became negative after etching and kurtosis tended to 3 with longer etching time.

Alternative etching for Titanium

Electrolytic etching involves the use of a solution of an electrolyte, an anode, and a cathode to selectively remove the titanium by reverse plating.

While electrolytic etching is cheaper to set up and uses chemicals broadly classified as “safe” to use, the process is difficult to serialise as only smaller sheets can be used, and there is more chance of process variation which affects repeatability.

Ashish

Dear Quaiser,

As chemical etching effectively chemically corrodes metal, titanium’s corrosion resistance presents numerous challenges. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) has been used since to 1960s to etch glass, silicon, and titanium and is usually combined with another chemical to produce an etching or surface treatment solution.

The titanium etching process

Titanium etching works much like traditional chemical etching, the process steps summarised as follows:

Effect of HF on titanium

HF acid treatment of Ti surfaces modifies their chemical composition, which becomes stable after 3 min. of etching.Roughness and wetting increased with longer etching time except at 10 min, when roughness increased but wetness decreased. Skewness became negative after etching and kurtosis tended to 3 with longer etching time.

Alternative etching for Titanium

Electrolytic etching involves the use of a solution of an electrolyte, an anode, and a cathode to selectively remove the titanium by reverse plating.While electrolytic etching is cheaper to set up and uses chemicals broadly classified as “safe” to use, the process is difficult to serialise as only smaller sheets can be used, and there is more chance of process variation which affects repeatability.

Ashish