Frankly I am interested in this topic and I wish you to explain to us how this can be achieved, sorry I did not have an answer to your wonderful question.

OK, Ahmad. I can explain how to do this but I prefer to wait for other opinions before and thus exchange experiences. However, we will keep in touch through this forum.

Thanks Mr. Willy Rodriguez

Ahmad S. Yasien Al-Gurairy will you plz help me to find the problem for research in the field of earthquake disaster management system plz.

The idea of using aerogeophysics for geological maps is well explained by the Australian Geoscience Organization (now Geosicence Australia) througouth their concept of second generation geological maps. Geophysical data are important for mapping subsurface features that have expresions on surface and to understand their relationships. It is also important for the detection of hidden or no so obious geological features. More accurate geological maps can be produced using these techniques.

More information can be found there:

Article High-resolution geophysics in modern geological mapping

Cheers Gabriel

Dear Sana ch Kousar

I think your question can be much better answered if you take a look to the Global Earthquake Model.

Take a look at this:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Earthquake_Model

Best wishes Gabriel

Thank you Asato, for your considerations. Of course you are right, only that my interest is to exchange opinions about how this activity is carried out in different places and thus improve our experiences. At the moment, we are making the 1: 50000 geological map of the whole country and, of course, we would like to hear opinions that improve our results.

Dear Dr. Rodriguez,

there exists a plethora of publications addressing these physical issues. For mapping of larger areas satellite-, fixed-wing-, helicopter- and drone-based geophyical devices are applicable. Excluding all remote sensing devices, those geophysical methods which need no contact with the earth surface are applicable such as gamma radiation measurements, geo-magnetic and EM techniques. A combination of the various tools can be achieved in the DIGHEM system.

It makes little sense to only place emphasis on the above devices. They need to be supplemented by ground-follow up studies which may be summarized under the header "Capturing digital data in the field"

DILL, H.G., BALABAN, S.- I., WITT, B. and  WERSHOFEN, H. (2014) Capturing digital data of rock magnetic, gamma-ray and IR spectrometry for in-situ quality control and for the study of the physical-chemical regime of residual kaolin deposits, SE Germany.- Ore Geology Reviews, 57: 172-190.

DILL, H.G., BUZATU A., and MAFTEI A.E. (2017) Capturing digital data with handheld devices to determine the redox regime, lithology and provenance of siliciclastic sediments and residual deposits - A review and field manual.- Arabian Journal of Geosciences 10: 188-217 (plus supplementary data).

DILL, H.G. (2015) The Hagendorf-Pleystein Province: The center of pegmatites in an ensialic orogen.- Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, Springer, Dortrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York,  ISBN-978-3-319-18805-8, 475 pp.

[seismics, gravimetry, geomagmetics, EM methods used for exploration]

With kind regards

H.G.Dill

Dear H.G.Dill, First of all, very grateful for the examples you pointed out to me and of course, the use of aero-geophysics has been used in geological research since the first half of the last century, long before the appearance of the first satellites in the 1960s of the last century. Even in our country, with its logical limitations, it has been used above all, after 1960. Precisely, the intention of this exchange, which I started without results two years ago, is aimed at knowing experiences that exist in other places to adapt them to our needs. In Cuba there is an aero-geophysical survey at 1:50 000 scale of the entire national territory and in a part of it at 1:25 000 scale. This survey was carried out in the 90's of the last century and has been used for numerous investigations with favorable results. Undoubtedly, in any case, terrestrial verification of all results is necessary and these exist in the country, even at very detailed scales. I reiterate my thanks and I hope your intervention rekindles this interesting discussion.

Although the topic has not received the desired reception, we are still open to the exchange of opinions. For example: in Cuba there are numerous applications that can be found in the memories of the Cuban Geosciences conventions. These conventions have been developed since the 90s of the last century and the last one in April 2019. I invite those interested to consult the presentations made between 2007 and 2017 on the site: http://www.cubacienciasdelatierra.com/

Waiting for comments,

Willy Rodríguez

This is question is similar to the one you posted about satellite images.

When it comes to Geological Mapping, Geophysics is a tool, an accessory that helps you solve doubts (of course Geophysics is also a science on its own merit, but I'm speaking of this case here), but you need to have an idea of what you are going to find (by studying previous works, going to the field, etc). With Aerogeophysics, we usually compare radioactivity (potassium-rich rocks, for example, like granites and shale) and use it to find deposits to complement the contacts we find (or try to) in the field. Here in Brazil we have a few state-run (by CPRM) extensive aerogeophysical surveys that you can find online.

Henrique Joncew,

It is true that geophysics is a tool, but it has specific and general tasks that cannot be solved by conventional geological methods.

Geophysics allows, in conjunction with geology, to solve numerous aspects in geological mapping. For example, conventional geological methods can only explain what is seen directly by the surface geologist. In its aid, geophysics makes it possible to propose geological features that cannot be seen with the naked eye: geological strata and bodies at certain depths; presence of the water table; presence of contacts or faults that do not emerge, etc.

The advantage of aerogeophysics is given by its speed and the possibility of covering large areas where, at times, it is unlikely to develop land campaigns. The rapid development of remote sensors has come to the aid of Geosciences and their combination with aerogeophysics, undoubtedly, allows solving tasks that just a few years ago would be unlikely.

In Cuba there is a 1: 50,000 aerogeophysical survey of the entire territory and certain areas at a scale of 1: 25,000. So, the idea of ​​the question is to exchange experiences with colleagues in other latitudes and thus improve our results.

Thank you very much for your help,

That is indeed the case, Willy.

My Master's was based on GPR, for example. We wanted to help the quest for gems in a pegmatite here in my state (Minas Gerais), much like my advisor Paulo Roberto Antunes Aranha often does; Patterson and Cook did in California in the late 90's and early 00's; and maybe a Greek MSc. student in Switzerland (Prodromos Nikolaidis) might do for his project.

What I meant by Geophysics being a tool is that, when you use it, you don't just give it a go and try and figure out what it gives you. You've got to have an idea of what you might find so you can either confirm it or discard it. You might be surprised, yes, by the underlying underground structure, which you wouldn't be able to assess without Geophysics.

Aerogeophysics is indeed fantastic, it helps us a lot when we can't go somewhere, or, even better, when we actually can, and there are previous surveys at our disposal.

That being said, Geophysics is also a science of its own, with many, many other applications and concepts.

Henrique Joncew,

We agree. Precisely the idea when launching the question was to seek experiences from other specialists that could improve our results.

In the case of our country there is a wide variety of experiences, although unfortunately many have not been published. For example, I show you two sites where many of the works presented by Cuban geoscientists:

http://www.redciencia.cu/geobiblio/geobiblio.html

http://www.cubacienciasdelatierra.com/en/general2

Thank you very much for your comments,