Dear @idiano d'adamo,

It is an interesting combination of Green and circular Economy thematics.

Best regards

Torsten

My thought on this discussion; good assembly of facts. Bet there are likely challenges. Must weigh the pros and the cons long the long term implementation of these policies on energy conservation, energy circle and social cultural factors regarding the use, and supply of sources for bio-fuel, concentrations of resources with certain geographical spread. Nothing good comes easy, cause nature is abstract, man has alot to learn.

I work in the field of bioenergy. I know how important it is. Use of bioenergy is one of the most sustainable solution to most of the environmental problems. Bioenergy is the most renewable fuel which can be used in existing systems and ecofriendly too. So, more extensive research should be done on it and governments should give it more importance to make healthy future of mankind.

Please find my papers on biofuels attached

Article Production of biodiesel from unused algal biomass in Punjab, India

Article Fuel properties and emission characteristics of biodiesel pr...

Article Optimization of safflower oil transesterification using the ...

The public expects sustainable efficiencies. We must build efficiencies on grain production and bioenergy conversion when stored as potential food-grains. Meanwhile, food and bioenergy production cycles can be doubled by harvesting before physiological maturity.

The public is concerned about food grains diverted to bioenergy. The last three decades of biofuels development from grain is the most unique food reserve system developed by man. When food is top priority, grains can be instantaneously diverted for food. Currently, bioethanol and biodiesel wait for crops to reach physiological maturity wasting time and loss in the field, transportation, storage and processing. Natural hydrated cells are much easier to convert than reconstituting. Reconstituting wastes energy, water, enzymes, and time.

Research must shift to bioenergy efficiencies much earlier in the production phase. Maximize efficiency by producing and converting plant sugars to bioenergy before plant energy and time is wasted developing more complex carbohydrates (starch and lignin). In 24-72 hours convert and transport whole plant via pipeline rather than vehicular transport. See my patent reference below specifically claim one and eighteen, and example three. My paper on harvesting nutrients before physiological maturity gives more background.

High grain and forage bioenergy plants like corn and sorghum can be mechanically, chemically, and genetically changed to produce double and triple sugar content before physiological maturity (patent example 3). To be viable and sustainable, biomass converted to other energy forms must maximize efficiencies in production, harvest, transportation and conversion. There are many areas to focus new research.

(7) (PDF) Systems and processes for producing biofuels from biomass (researchgate.net)

(7) (PDF) Harvest nutrients before physiological maturity (researchgate.net)