Thermal water has Na-119 ppm Cl-469 ppm and SO4 -406
But it is not located anywhere near seawater area
_sounds reasonable. Consider that at 200 C the reservoir has to be at a pressure over 48 psi to maintain the steam in a liquid phase. Flashing to surface conditions will result is a loss of temperature due to phase changes from full liquid to steam/liqiid. You can verfy the temperature change using classical theromdynanic calculations.
Also for discussion on the math side go to
https://dx.doi.org/10.1615/AtoZ.f.flashing_flow
Indeed, it is entirely feasible for a thermal spring to exhibit a surface temperature of 55°C while maintaining a reservoir temperature of approximately 200°C.
Thermal springs occur when heated groundwater rises to the Earth's surface. The groundwater is heated through various natural processes, such as contact with shallow bodies of magma or circulation through faults that reach hot rock deep within the Earth's crust. The temperature of a thermal spring can fluctuate significantly. For example, a hot spring is typically described as a natural spring where the water temperature is consistently higher than the surrounding environment. There are varying definitions for hot springs. Some define them as springs with water temperatures above 50°C, while others state that the highest temperature a thermal spring can reach should be the boiling point at the local elevation, or at most 1–2°C higher.
Thus, although the spring's surface temperature measures 55°C, the water in the reservoir's depths may reach even higher temperatures as a result of geothermal heat. The variation in temperature can be attributed to the influence of the surrounding environment on the water as it moves from the reservoir to the surface. It is quite possible to have a reservoir temperature of 200°C, particularly in areas with significant geothermal activity. It's worth mentioning that the specific temperatures can differ due to various factors such as the reservoir's depth, the amount of geothermal heat, and the rate of water circulation.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-34115-w
Chapter Classification of Thermal Springs
HotSprings.co. https://hotsprings.co/different-types-of-hot-springs
@Abhishek Kumar Sir is this answer still valid for Geothermal springs having surface temperature of about 37-41 degree celcius?
Sakshi Khalkho Yes, the explanation remains applicable to geothermal springs that have surface temperatures ranging from 37-41°C. Geothermal springs, also referred to as hot springs, are natural water springs that have a higher temperature compared to their surrounding environment. According to certain definitions, a hot spring is characterized by water temperatures exceeding 36.7°C (98°F) as it emerges from the ground. Even in the midst of winter's icy grip, the water in these springs maintains its warm temperature. Heat is generated by either the magma within the Earth's crust or the movement of faults in the crust. It's worth noting that while the surface temperature of the spring ranges from 37-41°C, the water deep in the reservoir can reach even higher temperatures as a result of geothermal heat. The variation in temperature can be attributed to the influence of the surrounding environment on the water as it moves from the reservoir to the surface. Thus, a reservoir temperature of 200°C seems reasonable, particularly in areas with significant geothermal activity. It is worth mentioning that the specific temperatures can differ due to various factors such as the reservoir's depth, the amount of geothermal heat, and the rate of water circulation.
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