I would like to have a discussion what is the best or possible crosslinker for chitosan/sodium alginate hydrogel. Would it be glutaraldehyde or citric acid?
Both carboxymethyl cellulose (Sodium salt) and sodium alginate are polyanionic substrates. The easiest and generally regarded as safe procedure would be cationic crosslinking with divalent cations such as Ca2+ (from Calcium chloride CaCl2x7H2O).
Citric acid could potentially work either via carboxylic group protonation and precipitation of alginic acid which has limited solubility in water. Ester bond formation between citric acid and hydroxyl groups on CMC/Na-Alginate is not likely in any significant degree under aqeuous conditions.
I'm not certain about glutaraldehyde. Technically it would form hemiacetals, but i'm not certain of the stability of this bond under aqueous conditions of a hydrogel.