Many students are out of networks.

My students having limited data, bandwidth and access to ICT devices is the greatest barrier in South Africa.

Lack of Device if students are poor

Lack of Internet connectivity if students are outside the city range

Lack of ICT Knowledge if the teacher without computer literacy. Luqman M Rababah

The most challenge when using online teaching is the fact that students dont get access to the internet and sometimes too the unstable network by providers

Luqman M Rababah that is an excellent question and one which I am afraid has no quick and easy answer. The Journal of Literacy and Technology has just published a rapid response journal on this very subject. I will be the first to admit that some of the findings are not the perfect answer that everyone is looking for but they do speak to the point that whether we like it or not, the educational world (technology-heavy or light) has fundamentally changed. This scholarship within the journal was created by people in the pandemic, for people in the pandemic. If technology barriers are what you are looking for (LMS, video sub-systems, and the like) this is probably too in-depth for your needs. If you want a more expansive look at the issues, it might be helpful as an expose on first findings in suddenly online research.

Article The Journal of Literacy and Technology Special Issue for Sud...

Thank you J. D. Wallace Isaac Kwabena Agyei G. Stephen Mauro Luisetto Rodney Duffett Tajim Md. Niamat Ullah Akhund

The problem is to maintain the students' attention since they have many other potential atractions at home

Technical malfunctions

Thanks Mahmoud Alghizzawi and Cesar Carreras for your insightful responses.

Dear Luqman M Rababah, A serious problem is conducting written and oral examinations via the Internet in the form of videoconferences (as part of the didactics implemented in e-learning).

Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

There are many obstacles. Some of them that I have been facing are as follows:

1. Less interactive as the mike of the students are muted during teaching, we are not sure if the students are getting what we have explained.

2. Internet bandwidth problem - from teacher's side, we have almost no problem but from students side, many of them are living in poor network connectivity. Therefore, it would be problem for them to attend regular classes with smooth connectivity

3. Difficulty in providing assignments, and verifying if they have known.

4. The classes are more theoretical rather than practical, so practical lessons are not effective to teach

5. Students are not serious as they are habituated to get guidance physically

6. In some of the cases, students learning room are not supportive, may there be visitors, background noises and other external factors that distract them.

I believe most of us have been facing many of such problems.

Client's IT knowledge,

Internet Connection,

Cost (infrastructure, data usage, power Etc),

Security and

Government or international political will.

Thanks Jacob Olorunshogo Mebawondu , Arjun Karki , Hassan Izzeddin Sarsak

a. Limited Social Interaction

A common disadvantage of online activities is limited social interaction. While online students often engage peers in online discussions and interact with teachers via e-mail, this doesn't replicate the face-to-face experiences in a traditional classroom. The informal social interactions with peers before and after classes helps instill a sense of community and belonging. You also have more direct connections with teachers and can ask questions during class to expand insights on a topic. Many classes also use student work groups to develop teamwork skills.

b. Lack of Structure

The lack of formal structure can be a pitfall for undisciplined or unmotivated students. Online students who lack self-discipline can fall behind on assignments, fail to study adequately by test deadlines and ultimately suffer because of a lack of initiative in engaging instructors via e-mail or phone. Remote learning increasingly relies on the reliable power supply and ubiquitous Internet connectivity which might be a far- fetched thing for Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities.

c. Time Management

Both online and traditional activities require students to manage their time wisely. In traditional classes, students structure their time outside of the classroom to allow for studying, projects and homework.

d. Other challenges

Digital equity, Resources availability for student and teacher training, Expectation setting for all parties involved, including parents, Independent learning design, Emotional cost of social distancing

Online teaching subjugates the creativity of learners and teachers both

Besides the internet connections, I would mention the limited possibilities of social interaction

Unfortunately, the interaction between the teacher and the student is missing, as is the mechanism for activating the student with surprising questions to arouse enthusiasm.

Far away to be an equal education, in my opinion, no all families have computers or tools to be educated. Very sad. A lot of children and students will not be educated in a better way

Ingrid García

إحدى أهم العقبات التي تواجه التعليم عبر الإنترنت هي عدم توافر شبكات إنترنت قوية وسريعة ، بالإضافة إلى ذلك الكثير من الطلبة ليس لديهم اجهزة كومبيوتر يمكن الاستعانة بها خلال مرحلة التعليم الالكتروني

One obstacle that I had in teaching online in Japan was that many of my Japanese students were not willing to show their faces on camera when we were doing synchronous online classes. This also means that it's difficult to know if they're really listening to what I'm teaching them or if they're having a hard time understanding some concepts. In face to face teaching, body language and facial expression help a lot in giving the teacher a gauge on how students are receiving or processing information.

I agree with the gentleman that body language and pantomime play an equally important role in explanation and communication. This way we can influence and convince students more. Yes, many students do not turn on the camera, which is discouraging for the teacher. you speak into emptiness, you do not see the eyes and the reaction to your speech. A big problem was checking homework - there are a lot of identical works.

I appreciates the last submission, however, technology, can help to resolve the issue raised. Laboratory, test, examination (written exams) can be held virtually. We will have almost the same result.

I have published paper in this topic specifically during Covid-19. IF You interested read it .

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10639-020-10219-y

From my end, part of the challenges faced was the sudden switch to ICT and expectations that teachers should come to speed on how to use ICT...., well that seems fine but large number of teachers had to go for hybrid teaching and assessments of students instead of using ICT fully...not to talk on poor Network, erratic power supply and so many valid points that generates excuses....

Initiating and sustaining students participation and engagement.

Lack of social interaction, lack of concentration and student teacher engagement, lack of trust in terms of examination and assessment, less social emotional wellbeing, etc.

Poor infrastructure that leads to poor internet connectivity that leads to inadvertent disruptions during online classes