We doped Ti3C2Tx with different Cu concentrations and it was observed that the conductivity of Ti3C2Tx dispersed was more than the Cu doped Ti3C2Tx and it was gradually increasing as the doping concentration was increased.
I'm not sure about the specific reason for the decrease in electrical conductivity of Ti3C2Tx after doping with Cu. However, I found a paper that reviews the progress on electrical conductivity enhancement of Ti3C2Tx MXene from a number of aspects in Ti3AlC2 MAX phase precursor, synthesis methods, delamination treatment, removal of delamination compounds, surface terminations, thin-film deposition methods, and storage environment and time (Electrical Conductivity Enhancement....).
If you could provide me with more details about the experiment you conducted and the sonication method you used, I might be able to help you better.
Source:
(1) Electrical Conductivity Enhancement and Electronic Applications of 2D .... https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/admi.202100903?af=R.
(2) Improved synthesis of Ti3C2Tx MXenes resulting in exceptional .... https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/nr/d0nr06671k.
The decrease in electrical conductivity of Ti3C2Tx after doping with Cu can be attributed to several factors:
Doping-induced defect scattering: The introduction of Cu atoms into the Ti3C2Tx lattice can disrupt the regular arrangement of atoms and create lattice defects. These defects act as scattering centers for charge carriers, impeding their movement and reducing electrical conductivity.
Change in electronic structure: The presence of Cu atoms can alter the electronic structure of Ti3C2Tx. This can result in changes in the density of states near the Fermi level, affecting the availability of charge carriers for conduction. If the introduced Cu atoms have energy levels that lie within the bandgap of Ti3C2Tx, they can trap electrons, leading to a decrease in electrical conductivity.
Formation of interfacial barriers: The doping of Cu atoms may introduce interfacial barriers at the grain boundaries or interfaces between Cu and Ti3C2Tx. These barriers can hinder the movement of charge carriers, reducing the overall electrical conductivity of the material.
It is important to note that the exact impact of Cu doping on the electrical conductivity of Ti3C2Tx can depend on various factors such as doping concentration, distribution of Cu atoms, and the specific properties of the Ti3C2Tx material.
The most important is how are MXenes doped with Cu?
It is known that MXenes adsorb Cu and other metal ions from aqueous solutions, leading to its coagulation and loss of 2D structure. Might it be the issue in your case?