Microbes play a crucial role in agricultural management and have a significant impact on climate change for several reasons:

- Nutrient Cycling: Microbes are involved in nutrient cycling processes in soil, such as the decomposition of organic matter, mineralization of nutrients, and nutrient transformations. These processes help release nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, making them available for plant uptake. Efficient nutrient cycling facilitated by microbes enhances soil fertility, reduces the need for synthetic fertilizers, and contributes to sustainable agricultural practices.

- Carbon Sequestration: Soil microbes are essential contributors to carbon sequestration, which captures and stores atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in the soil. Microbes break down organic matter and incorporate it into the soil, leading to the accumulation of carbon. This helps mitigate climate change by reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

- Soil Structure and Aggregation: Microbes play a role in forming and stabilizing soil aggregates. Soil aggregates improve soil structure, porosity, and water infiltration capacity. They also provide a habitat for beneficial microorganisms, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, which enhance plant nutrient availability. Improved soil structure reduces erosion and enhances water and nutrient retention, thus contributing to climate change adaptation.

- Disease Suppression: Certain microbes, such as beneficial bacteria and fungi, can suppress plant diseases by competing with or antagonizing pathogenic organisms. This reduces the need for chemical pesticides, which have environmental and health impacts. Microbes contribute to sustainable agricultural practices and enhance resilience to climate change impacts by promoting plant health.

- Resilience to Climate Change: Microbes can enhance the resilience of agricultural systems to climate change. For example, some microbial communities help plants cope with abiotic stresses like drought, heat, and salinity by improving their water and nutrient uptake efficiency. Additionally, microbial symbionts, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, can enhance plant tolerance to stress and improve overall productivity.

Overall, the role of microbes in agricultural management is critical for sustainable and climate-smart practices. Harnessing the potential of microbial communities can contribute to increased agricultural productivity, reduced environmental impacts, and improved resilience to climate change.

Dr Hesam Mousavi thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Microbes play an important role in climate because they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when they eat. Bacteria and their main predators, protests, account for more than 40 times the biomass of all animals on Earth. As a result, they have a huge effect on carbon dioxide emissions. The microorganisms help in increasing the fertility of the soil. Certain microbes like bacteria are very good decomposers. They decompose the dead organic matter. This when mixed with the soil makes it fertile. Successful application of microbes helps in maintaining soil health, improving water holding capacity, carbon storage, root growth, availability and cycling of essential nutrients, filtering pollutants, and also in conservation of biodiversity. Microbes play a fundamental role in the subsistence of all ecosystem processes. As a result, soil microorganisms are integral parts of several biogeochemical cycles and agro ecosystem resilience functions against organic matter degradation, soil nutrient deficiency, and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Rhizospheric and endophytic microorganisms enhance the plant growth and can also confer some degree of tolerance to crop plants in various types of abiotic stresses like high temperature, drought, salinity, metal toxicity, chemical toxicity, and chilling. From promoting carbon sequestration and assisting in the nitrogen cycle, to cleaning up pollution and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, soil microbes are at the forefront of sustainable agriculture and environmental protection. Soil microbes such as growth-promoting bacteria and fungi have proven to sequester carbon into the soil. Through this process, microbes are able to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide and therefore can be utilized to tackle the issue of climate change.Microorganisms help in cleaning up the environment. They decompose dead and decaying matter from plants and animals, convert them into simpler substances which are later used up by other plants and animals. Thus, they are used to breakdown harmful substances. The most significant effect of the microbes on earth is their ability to recycle the primary elements that make up all living systems, especially carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. Primary production involves photosynthetic organisms which take up CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it to organic material.