A data center is supplied power from the grid as AC power, which is distributed throughout the center’s infrastructure. However, most of the electrical equipment, such as servers, solid-state disks for storage, and other IT gear within the infrastructure, (as well as the batteries storing backup power in the UPS system), require DC power. As a result, the AC power must go through multiple stages of power conversion, resulting in power losses and wasted energy. To eliminate these unnecessary conversion steps and, thereby, substantially reduce power wastage, supporters have proposed the use of high-voltage DC power distribution for these systems.
Why the High Voltage DC (HVDC) electric power transmission lines become to widespread? Maybe
The place of uptake is very far from the place of production of electric energy, and also the cost of energy lost in the transmission line, the skin effect ..., and other problems that push people to invest in DC power transmission technology
Dear Karrar S. Faraj
Because of its benefits: Cost-effective, more reliable, eliminating of AC line problems, and low line losses.
I am not clear about your question. Even if the supply to the center is through HVDC can you use this high voltage for the equipments in the center? You have to have dc to dc voltages conversion perhaps This again may force us to go to AC.
I don't agree with this. Because, the HVDC, not accessible everywhere. In other hands, the AC power has been developed based on its benefits such as easy transmission, low power loss and etc.
Now, the HVDC is applied for special applications.
I think that the High Voltage AC (HVAC) installation cost is higher than the DC one, but with the increasing the distance and for a specific point the HVAC become more expensive than the High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission lines. Another reason is in the modern High Voltage power drivers we need phases more than 3 ph ases, and in this case we need to use special transformers which is expensive or by using AC/AC power converters while HVDC elements the need to this transformer and simplify the using power converters (DC/AC)
HVDC technology has features that make it particularly attractive in some transmission applications. The number of HVDC projects committed or under study worldwide has increased in recent years, reflecting renewed interest in this proven technology in the field.
The increasing demand for green energy has forced investors in the energy industry to search for more resources at sea. Consequently, the development of energy electronics and industrial engineering has enabled offshore wind farms to be offshore and in deep water. However, its development requires, among other technologies, DC-DC conversion systems. The advantages of HVDC are given via HVAC technology with respect to transmission distance.
With the development of high-voltage valves, it was again possible to transfer DC power at high voltages and over long distances, which led to the emergence of HVDC transmission systems The guiding and basic principles on which HVDC systems are chosen in the development of the electricity system today. In the electricity industry today, due to the liberalization and increased impacts of environmental conservation, HVDC solutions are becoming more desirable for the following reasons: • Environmental advantages • Economical (cheapest solutions) • Asynchronous connections • Energy flow control • Added benefits transport (stability, energy quality etc.) ).
For more detail, you can see the following papers:
1- file:///C:/Users/dell/Downloads/energies-13-01914.pdf
( Evolution of the HVDC Link Connecting Offshore Wind Farms to Onshore Power Systems )
2- HVDC transmission overview ( DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2008.4517304)
3- High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)Transmission Systems Technology Review Paper.
HVDC is difficult to control - interruption with protective devices results in the release of significant amounts of stored energy (by virtue of a transmission line's inductance). While the same happens to a degree with AC, the level is far lower - AC cyclically releases and rebuilds this stored energy, and interruption is normally coordinated to the point where stored energy is at a minimum (not possible with DC).
AC can be readily and efficiently transformed between high voltages (efficient for transmission) to lower voltages suitable for distribution and end use. To do the same with HVDC, large power electronic DC/DC converters are required, and in general these are not as efficient as transmission-level transformers.
AC, and particularly 3-phase AC, can be converted to mechanical energy using (very simple, reliable and low maintenance) induction motors. Polyphase induction motors have very smooth torque characteristics. On the other hand, true DC motors require commutation (in turn requiring frequent cleaning and maintenance) , and exhibit pulsating torque characteristics as the armature coils commute energisation. ("Brushless DC" motors are in fact AC induction motors with variable speed drive electronics)
However, HVDC is used in certain cases, e.g., where transmission lines run underwater (as AC is actually quite lossy and inefficient in this case) and to break up long AC transmission lines for power system stability purposes.
There are many good reasons why Tesla's/Westinghouse's AC was adopted over Edison's DC as the standard!
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