In this review impact of cadmium heavy metals has been studied on stomatal conductance, chloroplast, enzymes, respiration, nitrogen metabolism etc. some cases high concentration of cadmium reduces the activity whereas, in some cases it enhances the activity. As the concentration of cadmium increases the decrease in conductance to carbon dioxide, a:b ratio, nitrogen content, number and size of chloroplast cells was noticed. It has been observed that the cadmium enhances respiration in both shoot as well as root.
Chapter Effect of Cadmium on Plant Physiological and Metabolic Processes.