when we using the energy of batteries During discharge these ion move back to the cathode through the electrolyte releasing. But when we are not using the li-ion slowly lose their charge how and why ?
There are many factors that can contribute to this concept:
1. Self-discharge can set in depending on the chemistry/electrochemistry of the system, purity of reagents, temperature, etc. (J. Power Sources, 65 (1997), p. 53)
2. Parasitic reactions could also consume some energy. Active research steps have been taken to minimize this challenge over the years. (Joule 3.9 (2019): 2086-2102)
According to these conditions, the battery is self-discharged and this issue is related to factors such as: non-formation of the SEI film, high ambient temperature, poor packaging against moisture, side reactions of electrolyte and active materials, as well as conditions related to physical micro-short circuit.
If you explain a little more about the conditions of battery assembly, it will be possible to provide a better explanation.