The above question was posed by great Lucretius (98 - 55 B. C.) and had offered a curious explanation: "This happens because in summer the earth is relaxed by the warmth and any particles it may contain of its own heat are dispersed into the air. ...Conversely, when all the earth is compressed by cold and contracts and virtually congeals, it naturally happens that in contracting it squeezes out any heat it may contain into the wells." [1, 2]
[1] Lucretius, The Nature of the Universe (trans. Ronald Latham), Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1962.
[2] A. Stesenko, "Where is last year's winter?", Quantum (May/June 2001) pp 30-31 https://static.nsta.org/pdfs/QuantumV11N5.pdf
Upper layer of the earth absorbs the heat/coolness of the earth and lets the normal temperature into the well.
The water in the well is not exposed to ambient air temperature therefore it does not assume the ambient air's temperature. Ambient air is hot in summer and cold in winter because of exposure to the sun. The temperature of the earth on the other hand is only affected by ambient temperature where there is contact between them. The water also assumes the temperature of any surface in contact with it, which, in this case are the earth on the sides and bottom and ambient air at the top surface. While the top assumes the ambient temperature, the sides and bottom of the waterbody are exposed more to the earth's temperature than the ambient temperature. Therefore they assume the earth's than the air's temperature. Which means the earth's temperature is warmer in winter and cooler in summer than ambient air temperature. What affects the earth's temperature is a question for another day.
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