Low income is as a result of corruption among those with the power to shape societies. The misuse of money meant for state projects results in little to no development which consequently negatively impacts income. Also, the sources of income such as investors and donors realize that their aid has the potential to be misused and thus stop giving. Corruption just like capitalism results in the rich getting richer as the poor get poorer. That is how poverty is linked to corruption which is the root cause of low/no income.

Dear researcher, for different types of poverty definition, see the attached article.

I think, for workable approach for reduction of Poverty, low income/no income or inequality,, the income redistribution and education is the most powerful tools. Tax is no longer considered as effective tool for income redistribution, rather we pay rely on religious instruments such as donation, sadaqah and Zakat (Islam), poverty tax on luxury goods & services, poll tax on rich people.. These revenues will only be spent on the poverty reduction. Then free (or at nominal fee) education and training can capable the poor people to earn and free from poverty. Higher the illiterate people means higher the poverty. Thank you

"Why is there low-income/no-income"? Because we live in a world shaped and dominated by capitalism. Hierarchies, including those of income and wealth, are central to capitalist methods of control, by dividing people against each other. The lower income are pitted against the higher income; the no income (unwaged) are pitted against the lower income. In both cases, competition keeps wages/salaries lower than they would be were folks to unite in struggle against their exploiters.

A parallel answer is there is low income because there is exploitation, people are forced to work more than necessary to provide their necessities. At the collective level this is obvious in all the work that goes into producing what capitalists want/need, mainly investment goods they use to keep some working and putting more to work to boot. Were investment geared to meeting needs, this would not be the case. But it is not; it is geared to further exploitation and domination, ever more work - because the endless imposition of work is the most fundamental form of capitalist domination of society. Capitalism is, and has always been, a global work machine imposing toil and suffering.

"how is [low income / no income] associated with poverty? Obviously no income = poverty. Make a graph with poverty on the vertical axis, income on the horizontal axis, draw a downward sloping line. As income goes up, poverty goes down.

Income is defined by one's contribution to the economy. The more one contribution the.more the income. In turn, one's contribution is determined by factors of production one has, namely capital, land and labor. A handful of people are born rich, provided with abundant of all three factors of production by their parents. They don't even need to contribute their labor. Most of the rest are not so lucky,. They are born in poverty that they only have labor to contribute. They need to work hard, breaking their back every day, yet they cannot escape poverty.

In the long run, capital and land become so scarce that their value keep increasing. On the contrary, labor becomes over supplied that its value keep decreasing. Automation and modernization of production processes worsens reduces the value of labor even further. Today, the world see that the gap between the rich and the poor keeps widening.

The best solution is an appropriate tax policy. Tax reduces the income of the rich to help the poor catching up. The level of tax needs to be right that it doesn't discourage economic activity. On the other hand, the revenue collected needs to be enough to increase the productivity of the poor. Higher productivity boosts the value of labor.