Why is seasonality more extreme in Northern Hemisphere & why is there less variety in seasons in southern hemisphere than in Northern Hemisphere?
Seasonality is actually driven by the obliquity of the Earth. However, the heat gradient received on the earth surface is also related to the angle of incidence of Sun rays, which decrease from the equator towards the poles. Hence, seasonality will mostly depend on the latitude. The Southern Hemisphere's larger amount of ocean moderates its climate. The Northern Hemisphere, with more land and less ocean, heats up and cools down more easily, which is why it has the more extreme seasons.This is because the Northern Hemisphere has more land than the Southern, and land warms more readily than sea. Any noticeable intensification of southern winters and summers due to Earth's elliptical orbit is mitigated by the abundance of water in the Southern Hemisphere.
The Southern Hemisphere's larger amount of ocean moderates its climate. The Northern Hemisphere, with more land and less ocean, heats up and cools down more easily, which is why it has the more extreme seasons. This happens because, as the earth rotates around the sun, it is tilted or leans to one side. This causes one hemisphere to be closer to the sun while the opposite hemisphere faces away. The hemisphere facing the sun experiences summer while the hemisphere facing away from the sun experiences winter. This is because they are on opposite sides of our planet. The earth tilting toward the Sun makes summer, and tilting away from the Sun makes winter. Both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere experience opposite season. The 23.45° tilt between the equator and the orbital plane causes each Hemisphere to lean towards the sun for part of the year. So seasons are reversed between the two Hemispheres.Generally, the Northern Hemisphere will experience different climate conditions than the Southern Hemisphere. For instance, one hemisphere will experience the cold conditions of winter while the other hemisphere experiences the warmer conditions of summer. It is true that Earth's orbit is not a perfect circle. It is a bit lop-sided. During part of the year, Earth is closer to the Sun than at other times. However, in the Northern Hemisphere, we are having winter when Earth is closest to the Sun and summer when it is farthest away. The Earth is tilted 23.5 degrees on its axis, which affects the distribution of the sun's energy across the surface of the planet. As the Earth orbits the sun every 365 ¼ days, the axis is always pointing in the same direction into space, with the North Pole toward Polaris, the North Star. When we say opposite we also mean that when it is spring season in the northern hemisphere, then it is autumn season in the southern hemisphere. The main reason for this phenomenon is the tilt of the earth on its axis. With respect to its orbital plane, the earth is tilted at an angle of 23.4 degrees.
Earth's tilted axis causes the seasons. Throughout the year, different parts of Earth receive the Sun's most direct rays. So, when the North Pole tilts toward the Sun, it's summer in the Northern Hemisphere and when the South Pole tilts toward the Sun, its winter in the Northern Hemisphere. The hemisphere tilted towards the Sun has longer days and shorter nights. That's why days are longer during the summer than during the winter. In general, the further away from the equator you travel, the cooler summer and winter temperatures become. The amount of sun a region receives depends on the tilt of Earth's axis and not its distance from the sun. The Northern Hemisphere experiences summer during the months of June, July, and August because it is tilted toward the sun and receives the most direct sunlight. The southern hemisphere is therefore receiving the direct sunlight, with little scattering of the sun's rays and a high sun angle producing long days. The northern hemisphere is tipped away from the Sun, producing short days and a low sun angle. During the summer, the sun's rays hit the Earth at a steep angle. The light does not spread out as much, thus increasing the amount of energy hitting any given spot. Also, the long daylight hours allow the Earth plenty of time to reach warm temperatures. This happens because, as the earth rotates around the sun, it is tilted or leans to one side. This causes one hemisphere to be closer to the sun while the opposite hemisphere faces away. The hemisphere facing the sun experiences summer while the hemisphere facing away from the sun experiences winter. The southern hemisphere is therefore receiving the direct sunlight, with little scattering of the sun's rays and a high sun angle producing long days. The northern hemisphere is tipped away from the Sun, producing short days and a low sun angle. The earth's spin axis is tilted with respect to its orbital plane. This is what causes the seasons. When the earth's axis points towards the sun, it is summer for that hemisphere. When the earth's axis points away, winter can be expected.
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