We are interested to know why all the animal studies are performed by i.p. injection and why not preferably i.v.?
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Nanoparticles toxicity and their routes of exposures
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Primarily convenience, technical difficulty and cost. It is almost entirely a matter of practicality.
Have you ever given a mouse an intravenous injection? Mouse veins are tiny and mice are covered in fur. You have to access the ones on the tail, they often need to be warmed up then anaesthetised or restrained in a special device first, extra training and time is required and it generally costs more.
Intraperitoneal injections are comparatively easy; minimal time, training, equipment and handling is required. You firmly grab the mouse with the skin around the shoulders and turn it upside down, exposing the abdomen then shallowly insert the needle into the lower right quadrant. The hardest part is trying to prevent the mouse / rat from biting you.
There might be a difference in pharmacodynamics and IP might require a higher dose to produce effects comparable to a lower IV dose.
@Jack Smethells yes your response is apt for the selection of route in terms of dose.
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