During β-decay, an element ejects one electron. Then how does its atomic number increase by +1 even if it is loosing 1 electron?
In beta decay, one of the neutrons in the nucleus suddenly changes into a proton, causing an increase in the atomic number of an element.
The answer of your question lies in the concept of high energy physics. Beta decay is a weakly interacting process in which one of the neutron gets converted into a Proton with emission of an electron.
As we know, the quark content of neutron is 'udd' and for proton is 'uud'. In beta decay, one of the 'down' quark get converted to an 'up' quark with the emission of a 'W^-' boson, which immediately decays to an electron and an antineutrino.
An interesting thing here is that, the emitted electron cannot be termed as conventional electron. The emitted electron is also known as beta particle which have energy in the order of MeV, but it has some properties same as orbiting electron.
Process can be seen in the file added
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