Dear Dr. Satish Pardeshi,

in general, prior to Ti IV electrodeposition, the FTO glass plates were cleaned carefully, by sonication in an ultrasonic bath, with 2% aqueous surfactant solution (Hellmanex), acetone, andethanol, for 30 minutes in each medium, finally rinsed with water and ethanol, and dried in air. Then the substrates were subjected to an UV–ozone treatment. Electrochemical experiments were carried out in a three-electrode cell configuration by means of a potentiostat. Initially, the pH-adjusted TiCl3 electrolytic solution of 30 ml volume was deoxygenated by N2 bubbling before ED. Then the ED was performed by the constant current (galvanostatic) method.

For more details please see the source:

-Toward an alternative approach for the preparation of low-temperature titanium dioxide blocking underlayers for perovskite solar cells

Su Htike Aung, Lichen Zhao, Kazuteru Nonomura, Than Zaw Oo, Shaik M. Zakeeruddin, Nick Vlachopoulos, Tamara Sloboda, Sebastian Svanstrom, Ute B. Cappel, Anders Hagfeldt and Michael Gratzel

J. Mater. Chem. A,7,1072 (2019)

Available at: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/ta/c8ta04246b?page=search

Best regards, Pierluigi Traverso