Bottom ash is around 25 - 30% by weight of the waste put into incinerators. Air pollution residue, which includes carbon and lime together with fly ash, is around 3% by weight. Air pollution control residue is defined as hazardous waste because of alkalinity from the lime content. Fly ash consists of products in particulate form which are produced either as a result of the chemical decomposition of burnable materials or are unburned ( or partially burned ) materials drawn upward by thermal air currents in the incinerator and trapped in pollution control equipment. For details consult https://friendsoftheearth.uk
https://iswa.org
Dear Abdul, have a look at following paper for additional info: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228486975_Pollutant_Emissions_from_Modern_Incinerators
Kind regards Rob.
Please have a look at the following links.
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82422979.pdf
https://ipen.org/sites/default/files/documents/After_incineration_the_toxic_ash_problem_2015.pdf
Good question. I agree with Antai, S.P. very nice answer above......."" https://friendsoftheearth.uk ".
municipal solid waste incineration fly ash, byproducts of MSW incineration, contains large amounts of heavy metals and dioxins, improper disposal will cause serious environmental and human health hazards
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82422979.pdf
Note that technology also develops in this area, e.g. in The Netherlands there is a so called 'green deal incineration ashes' which strives to reuse as much as possible, see (in Dutch, hope Google translate can help you): https://www.greendeals.nl/green-deals/verduurzaming-nuttige-toepassing-aec-bodemassen. English text: https://www.greendeals.nl/sites/default/files/downloads/GD076-english-text.pdf. More info at the Dutch Association of Waste Management Companies: https://www.verenigingafvalbedrijven.nl/
The chemical composition of fly ash is such, that it is a hazardeous waste.
Regards
Vit
Coal contains a variety of toxic heavy metals, and therefore it has huge impact on the environment. The levels of these flyash particles by subsequent deposition in the ecosystem can become hazardous even if these are in low concentration in coal.
I recommend potential application of pre-treated municipal solid waste incineration ash and effects of PH dynamics on solidification/stabilization (by Yahaya et al., 2018) for your study. Most questions are answered there.
The chemical composition of fly ash is such, that it is a hazardous waste contain metals that harmful to the ecosystem.
The main hazardous material in most coal-fired fly ash is a compound called hexavalent chromium. This compound is water soluble and has been directly linked to various cancers. There are several other metals that contribute to fly ash's toxicity but this is the one of main concern in the US. The issue is compounded due to the ultra fine nature of fly ash since the small particle size creates substantial surface area for dissolution.
The toxicity of fly ash is mitigated when combined with and used as a pozzolan in cement and concrete. The dispersion of the fly ash throughout the cement mixture ensures that individual particles are essentially fully encased in cement, thereby preventing dissolution of toxic metals.
Considering the environment, fly ash contains heavy metals that are very harmful to the environment.
gases, aerosols, particulate contains high quantity of metals that are very harmful to the ecosystems. and environment.
I agree with @Zhikun Zhang. The most important is quality of leachate from the fly ash. The parameters of a hazardous waste are exactly defined and in the case of fly ash the parameters are exceeded.
Best regards
Vit
The solid residues from gas cleaning of municipal solid waste incineration, in particular, the fly ashes, are in most countries classified as hazardous waste because of their high inventory of soluble salts, especially chlorides of alkali metals, leachable heavy metals, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs).
Because the fly ash contain many hazardous and heavy metals that harmful to ecosystem.
Fly ash very soft powder nature it easily enter through respiration and spread everywhere to cover plants stomata and arrest photosynthesis it cause ebtire foood chain imbalances so it is very dangerous material
Fly ash is light, readily windborne and mostly of low particle size. Fly ash has potential health and environmental hazards because it contains high concentrations of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, copper, zinc as well as small amounts of dioxins and furans and the combination of pollutants in fly Ash can amplify their toxicity. So fly ash is classified as a hazardous waste
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