Despite unprecedented upsurge of movements for women’s rights, equality, safety and justice, the crime against women and girls is still continuing.
Gender-based violence (GBV) or violence against women and girls (VAWG), is a global pandemic that affects 1 in 3 women in their lifetime. The numbers are staggering: 35% of women worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence. Globally, 7% of women have been sexually assaulted by someone other than a partner. Globally, as many as 38% of murders of women are committed by an intimate partner.
Failure to address this issue also entails a significant cost for the future.
www.worldbank.org/en/topic/socialdevelopment/.../violence-against-women-and-girls
Rape, mainly due to circumcision:
https://www.academia.edu/3086663/Circumcision_and_rape_veil_polygamy_harems_forced_marriage_forced_obesity_dry_sex_excision_honour_crime_stoning_causality_and_correlation_updated_03.10.2019_
50K women are murdered a year globally, and in the US alone 50 women a month are shot to death from GVB https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/how-to-protect-women-from-domestic-violence--before-its-too-late/2019/05/17/b36dcf22-6b73-11e9-8f44-e8d8bb1df986_story.html?utm_term=.b2a2ad1b3d16
Culture influences this violence, and unfortunately we have a lot of world leaders today who do not value individual rights let alone women's rights, e.g., Donald Trump, Putin, etc. I just returned from Kathmandu where we (hawaiifriends.org & http://nepaljustice.or) are piloting a restorative transition planning process for women who've left abusers (the abusers are not involved in this process--it is for the women to meet with trusted loved ones and professionals to determine their goals, including how to stay safe, and to develop strategies to attain those). We did a training with the people working in the field believe culture influences GBV. We need humane leaders and we need to each model kind respectful behavior to all (not use violence to get what we want including with parenting children) to counter our current leaders.
Here are a few useful links for your research;
UN Women Facts and figures: Ending violence against women. http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures
White Ribbon 'these statistics on domestic violence, emotional abuse and murder demonstrate the prevalence and severity of violence against women in Australia'.
https://www.whiteribbon.org.au/understand-domestic-violence/facts-violence-women/domestic-violence-statistics/
Our Watch 'violence against women is now recognised to be a serious and widespread problem in Australia, with enormous individual and community impacts and social costs'. https://www.ourwatch.org.au/understanding-violence/facts-and-figures
Parliament of Australia.
Measuring domestic violence and sexual assault against women. https://www.aph.gov.au/about_parliament/parliamentary_departments/parliamentary_library/publications_archive/archive/violenceagainstwomen
A news story in the media, around the world, at the moment is the story of Noa Pothoven. https://www.mamamia.com.au/noa-pothoven-story/
All the best with your research.
Circumcision, why are women the big culprits?
https://www.academia.edu/37898381/Circumcision_why_are_women_the_big_culprits_updated_03.28.2019_
The general world crime is becoming alarming, even though those involving the female gender are clearly more. By public health point of view, it is becoming clear that violence against women is a global public health problem that affects approximately one third of women globally. Report shows that 38% of all murders of women are committed by intimate partners. Again, overall, about 35% of women worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence (World Health Organization 2013). In my observation, majority of assaults against the women is committed by their partners, thus gives a clear pointer to how these problems could be tamed.
Violence against women will not stop as long as mothers exert violence to their boys, the main one being circumcision.
https://www.academia.edu/3086663/Circumcision_and_rape_veil_polygamy_harems_forced_marriage_forced_obesity_dry_sex_excision_honour_crime_stoning_causality_and_correlation_updated_06.26.2019_
Andrei Dandescu
Behavioral Care
4000 Aurora Ave. N. Seattle, Suite 205, WA 91803
Hello Dr. Hussain,
I have worked for over 25 years in counseling male and female sexual offenders. Below is a brief summary of recent observations about socio-cultural factors that may be relevant to the etiology and prevention of sexual abuse:
If you are interested in further information about sexual abuse prevention, as developed for local organizations (religious or educational organizations), please do no hesitate to get in touch.
Thank you for asking an important question,
Andrei
You wanted to know why and I assume that you also look for theory. You might want to have a look at the Routine Activity Approach from criminology. The approach was first formulate by Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson in the American Sociological Review 1979, 588-608. The key idea is that the rate of out of the house crime increases when more people engage in more activities for longer times out of the house, because then there is opportunity for such acts. The article refers to the developments in the US from the 1950s onwards and (probably) mostly to the situation of the middle class.
As for your question: Women probably spend more time out of the house in the public now, so there is more opportunity for crime against us that is not domestic violence.
But: in addition to opportunity, you need motivation. And motivation especially for sexual violent crimes by men against women might be backlash along the lines of showing us where offenders think we belong (not in the public) or how we should behave (e.g. not be lesbians, be submissive, ...).
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