Climates are colder at the poles and warmer at the equator primarily due to the angle at which solar radiation strikes the Earth's surface and the distribution of energy across the planet. Equatorial ocean water is warmer than polar ocean water due to the uneven distribution of solar energy and ocean currents.

Here's why:

Colder Climates at the Poles and Warmer Climates at the Equator:

Equatorial Ocean Water Warmer than Polar Ocean Water:

In summary, the Earth's varying angles of solar radiation and the redistribution of energy through atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns result in colder climates at the poles and warmer climates at the equator. Equatorial ocean water is warmer than polar ocean water due to the directness of sunlight, the distribution of energy, and the movement of ocean currents that transport heat away from the equator.

Dr Gaurav H Tandon thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Due to the spherical shape of the Earth, sunlight falls on different parts at different angles. Direct and focused sun rays falls on the equator and hence, the regions here are hotter and warmer. The Polar Regions receive diffused sun rays, which is why the areas there are colder. Because of the solar beam's more direct angle of incidence in equatorial regions, considerably more radiation penetrates and is stored by water near the equator than water nearer the poles. This is known as the Coriolis effect and is largely responsible for upwelling in coastal regions. The Coriolis effect also causes upwelling in the open ocean near the Equator. Trade winds at the Equator blow surface water both north and south, allowing upwelling of deeper water. At the equator, the rays strike the Earth almost perpendicular to its surface, warming up a small area. At high latitudes, the curve of the Earth causes the rays to strike a larger surface area, so the same amount of heat is distributed over a larger area. That means it does not warm up as much as at the equator.Ocean surface circulation brings warm equatorial waters towards the poles and cooler polar water towards the equator. Deep ocean circulation is density driven circulation produced by differences in salinity and temperature of water masses. Currents affect climate by moving cold and warm water around the globe. In general, currents carry warm water from the tropics toward the poles and bring cold water back toward the equator. A surface current warms or cools the air above it, influencing the climate of the land near the coast. So the air rising at the equator is warm and full of water vapor; as it rises into the upper atmosphere it cools, and the cool air can no longer hold as much water vapor, so the water condenses and forms rain. Direct and focused sun rays falls on the equator and hence, the regions here are hotter and warmer. The Polar Regions receive diffused sun rays, which is why the areas there are colder. Because the Earth is round, the angle of the surface relative to the incoming radiation differs with latitude. At low latitudes, near the equator, direct overhead sunlight received all year warms surface waters. The temperature of the Polar Regions is significantly colder than the equatorial regions because the sun's rays are not directly at the poles. Thus poles receive the slanted rays of the sun. The equator is a crucial imaginary line that separates the north and south hemispheres, and therefore it gets direct sunlight.

The sun is overhead at equator produces equatorial climate whlie location at high latitudes 60 to 90 degrees may experianced cool and cold polar climate. Places at the center of the earth ie 0 to 23 degrees might have wet and dry season ( this is good to green plants growth and yield). Here you can find tropical rainforest such in West Africa, the Amazonia, and must South east Asia.. while in the polar climate you find Ice cap, glacia and snow due to lapse rate. The sun also moves apparently in some parts of the year produces seasons such as winter, summer, spring and Autumn.alson some places may have longer nights and shorter days and others might have shorter nights and longer days. Good luck.

Dr Ibrahim Sufiyan thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Yes, due to the spherical shape of the Earth, sunlight falls on different parts at different angles. Direct and focused sun rays falls on the equator and hence, the regions here are hotter and warmer. The Polar Regions receive diffused sun rays, which is why the areas there are colder. At high latitudes, ocean waters receive less sunlight – the poles receive only 40 percent of the heat that the equator does. These variations in solar energy mean that the ocean surface can vary in temperature from a warm 30°C (86°F) in the tropics to a very cold -2°C (28°F) near the poles. In equatorial regions, water is generally warmer because the sun's rays strike the Earth's surface more directly in these areas. This causes the surface temperature of the water to rise, and warm water is then carried away from the equator by ocean currents. A beam of sunlight falling on the equator has a much more intense effect than the glancing rays spread over a much larger area of the curving surface near the poles. Therefore, it is hotter at the equator than at the North Pole because the sun's heat is concentrated directly overhead at the equator. Water near the equator is warmed by the Sun. Then, the warm surface water moves closer to the poles where it cools and sinks. Epecifically, Earth rotates faster at the Equator than it does at the poles. Earth is wider at the Equator, so to make a rotation in one 24-hour period, equatorial regions race nearly 1,600 kilometers (1,000 miles) per hour. Near the poles, Earth rotates at a sluggish 0.00008 kilometers (0.00005 miles) per hour.