The most efficient solar cell production technology is the one based on the thin-film solar technology as the conversion efficiency could be as high as 40% compared to the conventional solar wafers technology that has conversion efficiency less than 20% (most likely about 15%).
There are novel solar technology based on wearable materials (foldable). Please see MIT research on the wearable solar PV cells.
Hope this helps answer your question.
Professor Yehia Khalil
Yale University
USA
Thank you for your valuable answer Mr. Khalil. My intellect as your answer i need some researchs wearable (flexible) solar cells. Do you have an article you can suggest?
Flexible solar cells mus be of thin film technology on flexible substrates. There are the amorphous silicon thin film flexible solar cells which you can get more information about them by following the link:http://www.okorder.com/p/thin-film-solar-cell-with-tuv-ul-ce-rohs-iec-cqc-iso-sfec-cec-approval_467175.html. They are already existing as a commercia products. There is also the merging thin film flexible solar cells which are based on organic solar cells and the pervoskite solar cells. It is planned to start their mass production in the near future. For mor information about the future thin film solar cells please follow the link:http://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i18/future-low-cost-solar-cells.html
Best wishes
Nowadays, conventional silicon wafer-based PV technology already reaches a conversion efficiency of around 20%, in some cases it is even higher (cf. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304064541). The thermodynamic limit for a single-junction concept is in the order of 30%, which means that for obtaining 40% it must be done more than a single junction. The perovskite-based thin film PV technology still needs substantial improvement with respect to long-term stability; typically, the devices degrade due to the influence of moisture, high temperatures, or UV light. For the present worldwide status of commercial PV, have a look at https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/downloads/pdf-files/aktuelles/photovoltaics-report-in-englischer-sprache.pdf
Article Solar cell efficiency tables (version 48): Solar cell effici...
You can see;
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 48): Solar cell efficiency tables (version 48)
and in future, 49, 50 ...
mass production is made in Turkey, since 2-3 years. I think, Turkey has not a completely domestic production. But, a company will be established in 2017.
I dont know World map of the PV producers. But, World Map of the Solar Inverter Industry; http://www.sunwindenergy.com/world-map-solar-inverter-industry
check out the chart if you want to compare technologies in terms of PCEs.
This one is not the latest chart though but you can probably get the 2016 version from the NREL site.
http://phys.org/news/2014-12-nrel-efficiency-solar-cell.html
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 48): Solar cell efficiency tables (version 48)
and in future, 49, 50 ...
mass production is made in Turkey, since 2-3 years. I think, Turkey has not a completely domestic production. But, a company will be established in 2017.
Thank you for all your helps. I am working now a big solar company HT-SAAE turkey. I can say that the business side is really different from the manufacturing side and the academic side.
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