I would like to compare two population means or two groups of populations by a genetic diversity index, for example expected heterozygosity(He) or allelic richness (Ar)...etc. For example, I calculate He for pop 1 and pop 2, and I want to find out whether pop 1 has significantly higher He than pop 2. I want to use a single variable, with about 20-30 values (one mean value per population if I calculate for groups), to find significant difference or similarity.
I know that ANOVA is not good because it is for more than two populations, but what about t-test of f-test? I found that t-test is good to comparing the means of two populations, while f-test can compare two populations variance. What about the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test?