http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112917

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4232596/

Yes it can be

i think you can easily input formula excel for using f(x)= log

As I know there is not any software to calculate heavy metals contaminants indexes. You should use excel to input your raw data and calculate the indexes according to their specific formula. The SPSS is a statistical software and can not calculate the formula. however, you can use it for present the calculated results. See the added paper:

Using SPSS you cannot calculate the Geo-accumulation index. Please find the attached paper, it will be helpful for you to calculate the Igeo values.

Kind regards,

Anand.

In my opinion the SPSS package is too sophisticate for this calculation. Of course you can programe it this way, but I think is is easier to employ a spreadsheet (Excel, Gogle Sheets...).

Ms Excel is suitaible and easier for calculating Igeo. Simply draft your formula in Excel, input the metal conncentation in the sediment and the reference/background concentration of the particular metal and the correction factor......

A lot  of thanks to all, your information  is very helpful  to my research, I appreciate your honest collaboration

Kind regards

To calculate Igeo using a software, I usually use SURFER software. In surfer software you can transform data using any equation. Open surfer software and import your data which may be from .xls or directly from MS word. In the surfer spreadsheet save your data. On the spread sheet pick data pane and drop it to highlight the sections. After this pick transform data. The transform data dialogue box will be open. input the Igeo equation where you have the transform equation. Note that the alphabet corresponding to each parameter is used instead of the name of the parameter.

For instance Igeo is represented by the equation: Igeo = log 2

([sediment]/ 1.5* [reference sample])

This means that you need 3 columns (A, B and C). Put sediment concentration in A, concentration of ref sample B and Igeo in C. Therefore to transform your data you will use:

C = log((A/1.5)*5) (Assuming 5 is the reference).

To input the log function click the function button to the right

Input the first row as 2 and the last row as the maximum number of your data.

Then click okay.

You are done.

 A lot of thanks Adeniyi Adewumi sir,

I appreciate your honest and nice collaboration.

Kind rigards

Excel does this very well. All you need is to input the formula in the respective cells.

Dear Mohammad Mazbah Uddin

Igeo = Log2 (B6/B8XB9)

where B6 is the measured concentration of the element, B8 is the factor, and B9 is the geochemical background value of the same element.

for more details, please see the below article.

Article Heavy metals contamination in urban surface soils of Medak p...

Article Distribution, contamination, and health risk assessment of h...

dear all.

please confirm me what is the background value of heavy metal we use for the geo-accumulation index calculation.

I am a little bit confused. background value/ reference value is permissible value ya any other value we used.

please guide me about the background value of heavy metal for the calculation of geo- accumulation index calculation.

thank you

Dear Kumar it is better to use the concentration of metals in background samples from your locality.

Thank you soo much

The equation for Geo-accumulation index calculation in excel

=LOG(B4/(1.5*B15),2)

where, B4 is examined value

B15 is background value

and 2 is base of log

Is this equation correct?

Dear@Adeniyi could you plz guide me in getting the local background values.. I hv referred quite a few articles related to my study area.. But I could not find the source of Bn.. Plz do help me..

If background concentrations are not available , use some global reference values (i.e. world soil averages, upper crustal values)

@Adeniyi Martin and Whitefield remain the most global acceptable background value for sediment i.e. Cu, Cd Cr Fe Pb and Zn with following values32,0.2,71,35.900, 16, 127,

Please have look at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQH1avdlDmM.

It is very well explained and may be helpful.

You can use Excel spreadsheet for the calculation, it is easy to use. You will need to write the formula well and that is it.