In my opinion, the energy model more convenient for developing energy is the one that takes the following elements, among others, into consideration:

1- The use of all available energy sources that makes sense from the economic point of view.

2- To promote the use of all renewable energy sources available in the country.

3- To reduce the use of oil and coal for the generation of electricity as much as possible.

4- To increase the efficiency in the use of all energy sources in order to reduce the energy consumption without affecting the economy and the price of the electricity.

5- To introduce the smart grid in the electrical system of the country.

6- To reduce the loss of electricity in the grid.

I think biogas and solar power is the most popular in my country, Vietnam. So sad to know that the Government set up a long-term strategic for national energy which trend to develop thermal power  instead of renewable energy.

Dear Jorge - Thanks for your views that the Energy Model for developing country needs to focus on Adaptation and Mitigation in one go. One more concern for the Developing Economy is the Technology Risk in view of fast developing Renewable technology.

Dear Thi I agree with your comments and every developing country have similar long term strategic for Energy, but in fast changing economy, Adaptation Versus Mitigation, carbon versus GDP are some questions, which are country specific.

Hi,

the best energy model to analyse adaptation and mitigation depends on different factors such as availability of data, geographical area to analyse, time-step, your goals or expected results. I've attached an interesting paper which explains main energy models used in energy planning.

Another interesting paper is: 

Connolly, D., Lund, H., Mathiesen, B. V., & Leahy, M. (2010). A review of computer tools for analysing the integration of renewable energy into various energy systems. Applied Energy, 87(4), 1059–1082. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.09.026

Dear Rajesh

Developing countries in its energy model should use technologies that has been proven to have a minimum risk of failure and produce electricity at low cost.

Dear Jorge, I agree with you, but due to reduced cost of thin film cell with lesser efficiency are more common in Developing countries.

Yes Fred Energy is regional concentric like food habit 

 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274731802_Renewable_Energy_with_Volatile_Prices_Why_NPV_Fails_to_Tell_the_Whole_Story

I have enclosed a link to my paper that propose a portfolio approach to meeting energy supply. Addressing your specific question, I would suggest the following framework:

1. What you are using at present? In some cases, a power system already uses a predominantly hydro and geothermal portfolio of supplies. This is the case for the Philippines and Kenya, with other countries having a similar profile.

2. What are the resources available? Usually, hydro and geothermal are available. The constraints are often related to the lack of capabilities to exploit these resources. As a result, the potential resources are seldom converted into actual power supplies if the resources remain untapped.

3. Conservation efforts have mixed results. This is particularly the case when subsidies prove generous for promoting specific technologies, or when fossil fuel prices are set too low as is the case in a number of oil and gas producing countries. At these low prices, the benefits of energy conservation are less obvious.

In the end, a country's approach to subsidizing certain fuels or energy supplies will have as much of an influence on which route (mitigation or adaptation) investors are likely to take. When the power demand is growing, on a no subsidies basis, a portfolio adaptation is likely to involve combining fossil fuels with renewables. The arguments are outlined in more detail in my attached paper.   

Article Renewable Energy with Volatile Prices: Why NPV Fails to Tell...

In my view any model should be holistic and address systemic issues. Though, easier said than done, policy makers should provide enough attention to waste management in energy sector, in addition to looking for renewable energy options. 

Dear Recardo

Agreed with Portfolio analysis which highlight Adaptation as well Mitigation. There are some issues concerned to environment on using bio-waste and Hydro. In view of some environmentalist Earth needs Bio- Waste to sustain equilibrium.  The availability of Bio-resources are also in question in view degradation of forest. What is your opinion Municipal waste conversion in view of available Technology and cost of energy produced?

Dear Shri Misra

Agreed with you that any solution needs to be addressed indifferent ways. ResearchGate is one of the platform and if the discussion reach some conclusive recommendation, certainly take your help to highlight at right platform. Developing Countries need to more on the issue

An important point that was not mentioned is to know the actual situation: how much of each energy carrier is used in the contry, and - more difficult to know -which is the energy need for each use (buildings, industry, transportation, communication, etc.). Once the accounting is known, it is easier to prepare an appropriate energy policy. 

You certainly know that the building sector is already under scrutiny within the frame of the Indo-Swiss project BEEP.

http://www.beepindia.org/

Dear Claude

Your views are important and every contries have strength and weakness. So the demand and supply forcast is essential componant for deciding on Adaptaion and Mitigation. Refer India

“Energy Statistics” by Central Statistics Office (CSO) on  latest data on reserves, installed capacity, potential for generation, production, consumption, import, export and wholesale price of different energy commodities are included in the publication. The publication also includes analytical indicators viz. Growth Rates, Compound Annual Growth Rates (CAGR) & Percentage Distributions, in relevant tables to increase the utility of the publication. The data has been sourced from the concerned subject matter Ministries of the Government of India, in respect of different energy sources as per their mandate. Refer;

http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/Energy_stats_2015_26mar15.pdf 

Dear Rajesh

Thank you for this interesting and comprehensive document. It rises a question to me: Which are the miscellaneous services using 88% of your oil consumption?

 In Nigeria, we have developed the Nigerian Energy Calculator, 2050. This is in conjunction with UK DECC and British High Commission, Nigeria. This I think is suitable for the country's energy modelling. See the link http://www.energy.gov.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=130%3Asecretary-to-government-of-the-federation-launches-the-nigeria-energy-calculator-necal2050-&catid=1%3Alatest-news&Itemid=53

Dear USMAN

Thanks for the link and infomation non the launch of NECAL 2050. The information is usefule for my research and also to other network researcher. Further I may like to add

NUCLEUS provides access to over 130 IAEA scientific, technical and regulatory resources. This includes databases, websites, applications, publications, safety standards, training material and more.

 UK 2050 Calculator  provide three charts summarise your choices for the demand and supply options you have selected and – crucially – the impact on emissions. 

UK 2050 Calculator, challenges of climate change, UK’s plan to become Green House Gas (GHG) neutral by the year 2050, review of the scenarios every five (5) years, cost of switching from fossil fuel economy to fossil fuel- free economy, addressing the challenges of about 620 million people in Africa who have no access to electricity and the goal of reducing emission in the UK by 52% by 2028 through the help of UK’s carbon budget.

 NECAL2050 has almost all the features of the IAEA modeling tools with some additions. The NECAL2050’s edge over these other tools lies in the fact that its web tool is easily understood and operated by non-experts and policy makers.

Reducing energy demands, increasing the efficiency of energy production technology, and shifting to renewable and cleaner energy sources can be the best model for developing countries.

Dear Mr Kundu, The developing countries have issues either more focus on Adaptation or Mitigation, keeping in of growth and cost of energy including environment.