Most of the parameters mentionned in previous answers (BOD, COD, Ammonia, phosphorus, ...) have to be better evaluated in terms of load (flow rate mutiply by concentration) than interm of concentration:because sewage treatment plants are typically sized based on load and not concentrations. It is very important to measure the flow of industrial wastewater produced, in addition to measuring the concentrations of different parameters mentioned.
This depends largely on the type of industry you are looking at. For a slaughterhouse expect high BOD, tanneries expect chromium, textile industries dyes........ if you know which industries dominate in your study area you could probably identify a suitable parameter that would distinguish this waste flow from domestic sewage.
In addition to the list of parameters provided by contributors, check that the proposed industrial wastes do not contain chemicals which could damage the sewer fabric, cause blockages or be harmful to maintenance workers - hydrogen sulphide and flammable solvents. Also screen for heavy metals and toxic organics which could inhibit biological processes or accumulate in biosolids preventing beneficial reuse.