Which country gives much importance for research in renewable energy like solar cell, battery and thermoelectric applications and super capacitors.
I would say US, Germany, Canada (fuel cell), China (PV). US has several really good research lab such as NREL.
Dear sir
I think you can find this answer easily in internet. Nowadays all of developed and developing country considered this rewenable energy.
Due to enormous carbon emission to the atmosphere, many countries like India and Pakistan have been suffered severely. Therefore, it is very urgent to find alternative energy sources to prevent further damage. In this regard many countries have started initiatives. Among them, China is on the top and it has utilized both electrical and solar energy effectively. Japan, Germany, UK, Australia and South Korea are other countries which are trying to reduce carbon emission by utilizing renewable energy sources.
Dear John,
The answer to your question will require a multi-criteria analysis of the implementation of renewable policy in different countries. This is because a country may perform better in two or more criteria and worst in other criteria. The good news is that most governments have embraced the need for green energy.
Currently, we can not say which country is the most important. For most of them already have major studies in the field. Renewable energies is the present, and future.
The interesting and beautiful is that each country has its peculiarities that end up making a difference in the way of studying each type of renewable energy.
China leads the photovoltaic production in the world to reduce its carbon emission because of the coal power stations and for export. China installed 52.3 Gw and exported about 38 Gw in 2017
Best wishes
I would say US, Germany, Canada (fuel cell), China (PV). US has several really good research lab such as NREL.
Dear John Peter Isaqu,
In my opinion, the EU countries play vital role to combat the climate change and global warming by enhancing the Renewable Energy sector.
Paris Agreement is very famous one.
Hence, Germany and France strongly encourage the research and development of Renewable Energy.
US and UK has also very impressive Renewable Energy research.
From Asia, Japan, China and India are well known for upgrading the Renewable Energy research.
Best regards
Yes there are a lot of countries that do that
Canada exports hydropower to the USA. The nordic countries export hydropower to denmark when their wind is slow. When the wind is strong then denmark exports to germany and others. The top 3 countries that germany imports electricity from in 2013 when its not windy are France (mostly nuclear), czech republic (1/3 nuclear, 2/3 fossil fuel) and austria (30% fossil, 60% hydro). When its windy germany exports wind power to other countries
Most of the time its very complex with countries importing and exporting at the same time due to the vagaries of power economics
Hydropower which is non intermittent renewable is the one that can do this consistently. Heavy wind and solar users import when its not sunny or windy. Thats the main drawback of solar and wind. Where would the Czech republic for example get electricity to export to germany if it replaced all its fossil fuel with wind and solar? If it followed france by going all nuclear then it would still be able to export electricity while not spewing CO2
"Can interconnection to Ireland and Europe solve the problem of wind intermittency?This was investigated by extending the modelling system employed for the UK to northern Europe and Ireland. The northern Europe study included wind farms in Belgium, Holland, Denmark and the northern plane of Germany."
The available power from the north European system is 35.4 GW, and the production duration curves reveal the same symptoms of intermittency seen for the UK:
i Power exceeds 90% of available power for 23 hours per annum,
ii Power exceeds 80 % of available power for 143 hours per annum,
iii Power is below 20 % of available power for 5,214 hours (31 weeks) per annum,
iv Power is below 10 % of available power for 3,353 hours (20 weeks) per annum
http://www.adamsmith.org/wp-cont...
According to its data, wind farms generated the equivalent of more than 100 per cent of Scotland’s electricity needs during six of the last 12 months, including a “record” amount in December. This dipped to only 37 per cent in June when the weather was relatively still.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/...
And there is the problem of grid instability
"More than one third of Germany’s wind turbines are located in the eastern part of the nation where this large concentration of generating capacity regularly overloads the region’s electricity grid, threatening blackouts. The situation tends to be particularly critical on public holidays when residents and companies consume significantly less electricity than usual with the wind blowing regardless of the demand and supplying electricity that isn’t needed. In some extreme cases, the region produces three to four times the total amount of electricity actually being consumed, placing a strain on the eastern German electric grid. System engineers have to intervene every other day to maintain network stability."
Germany's Green Energy Destabilizing Electric Grids - IER
"
Germany is dumping electricity on its unwilling neighbors and by wintertime the feud should come to a head.
Central and Eastern European countries are moving to disconnect their power lines from Germany’s during the windiest days. That’s when they get flooded with energy, echoing struggles seen from China to Texas over accommodating the world’s 200,000 windmills."
Windmills Overload East Europe’s Grid Risking Blackout: Energy
As looking to the Renewable energy material production, we can see that China and Germany are the best, I think the countries are the better which gives an important of Renewable Energy .
As colleagues mentioned countries that are interested in renewable energy are well known but I would like to mention that interest in this area is less in the oil-producing countries and I passed through an experience and I have research in the production of biofuels, graduated two students with master degree on the same field and always the most prominent question that is posed to me is we are an oil country so why do we look for alternative or renewable fuels?
Denmark surpasses 100 percent wind power. Denmark and Germany are somewhat exceptional in this area. However, if a country is connected to the grid, and is producing 1/2 solar and 1/2 coal power, and all that power goes onto the same grid, and some of it is being exported, you could say that half the power being exported comes from solar. See why the question is a little tricky?
On this basis, you could say that any country that has any alternative energy production at all, and is connected to an international grid, is exporting renewable energy. Another country that indirectly "exports" renewable energy is Iceland; they apparently have so much geothermal energy that they use it to process aluminum ore that's imported from many other countries; one report states that 75% of all the energy generated in Iceland is used to process aluminum ore, presumably due to the low cost of energy in Iceland. http://skjol.islandsbanki.is/servlet/file/store156/item61173/version3/2010%200419%20Iceland%20Geothermal%20Energy%20Market%20Report.pdf
Sweden is good in Wind Energy while Brazil is expert in Biofuels
As for research comes at first the USA, Japan, Germany, China, Canada,Spain, France, India, and other countries in the Europium Union.
Best wishes
My country (Morocco) gives much importance for research in renewable energy, it's making concerted efforts to reduce its reliance on imported fossil fuels and to reduce the CO2 emission. Our government has set up an ambitious target of meeting 42% of its energy requirements using renewable resources (2GW solar and 2GW wind) by 2020. This will allow Morocco to reduce its dependence on imported energy carriers to a great extent. The production of electricity using renewable energy has reached 34 % in 2017.
I think that Morocco is on the good way to reach 42% by 2020. You can find more information about this on internet.
I think after Germani , China is the best installed 52.3 Gw and exported about 38 Gw in 2017
You can see the DESERTEC project between europe, midel east and north africa.
Hope the following link helps you.
https://www.climatecouncil.org.au/11-countries-leading-the-charge-on-renewable-energy
Your question was: When it comes to Budgets allowed to Research and D, NREL and Sandia and...(US) are the most advanced (we can include Germany and EU...)
Now if your question is about RE industry production (MW) ..then US and Spain lead the CSP while China is first in PV.
If you are lookig for leading countries by technology implemented see the following link:
http://biomassmagazine.com/uploads/posts/web/2016/12/NREL-5_14819093549673.JPG
Last, if you are looking for the best fraction of RE implemented , then Nepal, Paraguay, scandinavian countries (Iceland, Norway, )...are in the top
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electricity_production_from_renewable_sources
Countries that are leading the way in Renewable Energy are:
Iceland, Sweden, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, UK, Denmark, Germany, USA, Uruguay, Marocco, China and Kenya.
Countries with Highest RE Budgets:
China
USA
Japan
UK
India
Germany
Brazil
Mexico
Chile
Hi
Sweden puts a lot of emphasis on sustainability and green energy. In 2015, Sweden became the first fossil-fuel-free country in the world. Both the public and private sector invests heavily in solar, wind, energy storage, smart grids, and clean transport. In fact, Swedes are challenging everyone else to join them in a race to become the first 100% renewable countries. Now that’s a win-win competition for everyone!
Government’s investment in technology and climate change research and the country’s ranking in Global Innovative Index are two standout features.
Top Universities for Renewable/Sustainable Energy in Sweden
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