Which approaches to anti-spoofing / liveness detection are considered state-of-the-art in fingerprint biometrics?

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Lukasz Wieclaw

According to Fingerprint Liveness Detection Competition 2011 Report, there is no any high effective liveness detection:

http://people.clarkson.edu/projects/biosal/fingerprint/report.pdf

Svetlana Yanushkevich

The key is the sensor you use. They could be optical, capacitive, ultrasonic, piezo-electric, thermal, etc. The best advertized technology for liveness detection is multispectral from Lumidigm: http://www.lumidigm.com/liveness-detection/

An extensive academic study on liveness detection was done in PhD thesis by Martin Drahansky:

http://www.bod.com/index.php?id=3435&objk_id=508583