Both the chemically active organic matter method and the roles of various agrogenic practices such as tillage, fertilize and organic amendment effects are useful in looking at the state of soil organic matter.

Generally the use of long term experimentation is needed to determine the influences of these factors.

Long term experimentation with a maize monoculture at the Ohio State University shows going no tillage can lead to over 300 kg/ha Carbon sequestration rates, this very similar to the amount measured by using raw manure for maize production. Cover crops grown in the winter for summer crop production environments can double to quadruple the effect of tillage and manure. Other practices which can result in big increases of soil organic matter is compost amendment use and the use of intensive rotation pasturing, Biochar and agroforestry is also extremely useful.

Before the total organic matter will be detectable the active soil organic matter give early indication of transformation of the soil dynamic.

Both active soil organic matter and agrogenic practices are good for understanding the value and dynamics of organic matter.

Thanks for the answer, dr. Paul Reed Hepperly,

In our studies for more than 10 years, we mainly use the methods of oxidative degradation (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266174330_Estimation_of_oxidizing_ability_of_organic_matter_of_forest_and_arable_soil ), extraction with water https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267035414_Total_cold_and_hot_water_extractable_organic_carbon_in_soil_profile_Impact_of_land-use_change and changes in the content of the Active Nitrogen fraction (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305787439_Quantification_of_Labile_Nitrogen_in_Soil_under_Different_Fertilization_Regimes_P_428-429).

However, in the literature is found the so-called huomeomic approach(Antonio Nebbioso, Alessandro Piccolo). The first step of this method consisted in a liquid extraction with a mixture of dicholormethane and methanol 2:1. This yielded an organic extract not bound to the residue via covalent bonds. Such residue underwent two trans-esterification stages in methanol, the first using BF3 12%, and the second using KOH 1M. The extracts thus obtained were further separated in water/chloroform liquid extraction. Such components were defined as weakly and strongly ester bound to the residue. This step yielded also a residue, which is thereafter hydrolyzed in aqueous HI 47% to separate the organic matter bound via ether bonds. The final product showed minimal chemical reactivity. Such residual matter was separated with HP-SEC chromatography in order to separate fractions according to their hydrodynamic volume. The fractions obtained were analyzed with the following techniques: 1. Elemental analysis 2. NMR mono and bidimensional spectroscopy, in both solid and solution state (Bruker AV300 e AV400) 3. GC-MS and pyrolysisGC-MS (Perkin-Elmer Turbomass Gold) 4. HPSEC coupled to MS with Elettrospray source and Orbitrap detector (Thermo Finnigan Orbitrap, High resolution)haracterization of Natural Organic Matter.

I am interested in the effectiveness of this methodological approach in soil studies of agroecosystems. I would be happy for such an answer

The changes in oxidative or active organic matter will correlate with long term changes.

The work of Lal and his students suggested that no till on the global tilled lands would counteract about 10% of the global carbon emissions.

Raw manure use and no till in a maize monocutture both have similar carbon sequestration if the effects are additive it would suggest 20% of the current global emissions could by counteracted by using raw manure and no till in a maize type monoculture.

Cover crops which are 2 to 4 times the effect of raw manure could up that fiewure to 60%.

Compost usage can lead to potential to completely counteract the current global carbon emissions.

Terra preta demonstrates that one hectare with less than 7,000 kg per ha carbon as in infertile Amazonian oxisol can be stabilized at over 300,000 kg per ha carbon representing a 1,000,000 kg per hg of carbon dioxide.

While it unlikely that a changed energy system alone can counteract global warming from elevated greenhouse the role of sequestration along with transtition to renewable energy economy does pencil out as a viable way to address long term global warming concerns.