The Male : Female ratio represents important factor affect fertility and hatchability in chicken and Japanese quail , many studies reported that fertility of Male : Female ratio 1:1 and 1:2 gave significant high fertility compared with Male : Female ratio 1:4 and 1:5 , the decrease in fertility in group cages which combined with high M:F ratio can be attributable to non-specific stress that may arise from males behaviour, or to the high aggressive activity between birds.
Many studies showed this point, but from our research found that the best results for fertility and hatchability were 1 male : 2 female or 1 male : 3 female in cage production system.