IEF, also known simply as electro focusing, is a technique for separating charged molecules, usually proteins or peptides, on the basis of their isoelectric point (pI), i.e., the pH at which the molecule has no charge. IEF works because in an electric field molecules in a pH gradient will migrate towards their pI.In most cases, a commercially available immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strip is used. The IPG strip consists of an acrylamide gel that contains wide pores to prevent a sieving effect based on protein mass, with a pH gradient. Various gradients are available, with wider gradients, such as pH 3-10 that are used for whole proteome analysis, and narrower ranges, such as pH 5-8 that are used for more specialist applications.

https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=sQnMBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA383&lpg=PA383&dq=detailed+descriptions+of+chemical+reactions+undergoing+IEF&source=bl&ots=jiVZguD4s9&sig=ACfU3U1O9vs0xp3U6r0aqSsXYkzRP3iYqA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjwreL25evjAhWMlxQKHQ7NAkoQ6AEwEXoECAkQAQ

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiTgY2Z5-vjAhVCzYUKHWDQC7AQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fbharathpharmacist%2Fisotachophoresis-iefiso-electric-focusing-39635928&psig=AOvVaw1CPO_pXoKM7znVvm1vVn5W&ust=1565096960923556

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiM5-O75-vjAhVRXhoKHYTIBj4QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2FAditiChaturvedi8%2Fisoelectric-focusing-71175165&psig=AOvVaw1CPO_pXoKM7znVvm1vVn5W&ust=1565096960923556

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwj5gJ3Q5-vjAhVGrxoKHSrlDmgQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Frohitthakare6%2Fbuilding-structure-and-their-components-72050586&psig=AOvVaw1CPO_pXoKM7znVvm1vVn5W&ust=1565096960923556

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi5qLTP6OvjAhVyA2MBHZhwDvQQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=%2Furl%3Fsa%3Di%26source%3Dimages%26cd%3D%26ved%3D%26url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.sciencedirect.com%252Ftopics%252Fmedicine-and-dentistry%252Fisoelectric-focusing%26psig%3DAOvVaw1CPO_pXoKM7znVvm1vVn5W%26ust%3D1565096960923556&psig=AOvVaw1CPO_pXoKM7znVvm1vVn5W&ust=1565096960923556

Dear Prem Baboo,

thank you for your answer, but it is not, what I am looking for. I am interested in reaction equations between, for example, ampholytes and proteins. How does proteins bind to them? How does urea interacts with proteins during IEF? And so on.