I'm looking for a textbook or an article where derivation of activity of the solvent using Gibbs Duhem equation is explained. An example showing how to calculate the activity of the solvent when activities of solutes are known (for example from Debye-Hueckel or Davies equation) would be the best.
The derivation of the activity of solvent for binary mixtures is well documented, but I'm looking for more general example, describing step-by-step the integration of Gibbs-Duhem equation for multicomponent solution.
Unfortunately, the most of sources give only final equations for water activity (or osmotic coefficient) which are difficult to interpret and do not help in manual derivation.
The following reference may help: F. E. Condon, “Study Projects in Physical Chemistry”, Academic Press, New York and London, 1963.
Thank You. I'll try to find this textbook, but I'm afraid it won't be easy, as the reference is rather old. I've also found an interesting article with valuable information on thermodynamic consistency of models of electrolyte solutions:
Wolery, Thomas J. „On the Thermodynamic Framework of Solutions (with Special Reference to Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions)”. American Journal of Science 290, nr 3 (1 marzec 1990): 296–320. doi:10.2475/ajs.290.3.296.
I believe you will find a derivation in the following paper:
ON THE THERMODYNAMIC FRAMEWORK OF SOLUTIONS (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS)
By: WOLERY, TJ
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Volume: 290 Issue: 3 Pages: 296-320 Published: MAR 1990
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