If the DNA fragment enters through eye or some other part of the body other tham digestive system, then is there any possibility of changing our DNA sequence.
Several defense mechanisms, such as physical barriers and DNA repair processes, protect the DNA in our cells. When DNA fragments enter the body by non-digestive means, the immune system normally recognizes them as alien and promptly destroys or removes them before they can reach our cells. Furthermore, it is extremely unlikely that DNA fragments could integrate themselves into our DNA and alter our genetic makeup even if they were able to get to our cells. Our DNA is highly regulated, and biological processes like DNA replication, repair, and recombination are firmly in control of any mutations or changes to the DNA sequence.
The fragment would have to be complexed with a protein, lipid or chemical carrier to get into cells (unless the person then gets struck by lightning for electroporation). After the low transfection probability, the fragment would then need to be inserted into the genome by NHEJ or share homology with existing parts of the genome. Overall the probabilities of both events happening for a single DNA fragment are negligible which is why for cloning high concentrations of inserts are used.
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