It's reported about the extreme air temperatures. But I can't find the same information for the temperature of soil or bare earth - desert.
@ Arsen, the highest temperature ever recorded on Earth was 136 Fahrenheit (58 Celsius) in the Libyan desert. The coldest temperature ever measured was -126 Fahrenheit (-88 Celsius) at Vostok Station in Antarctica. From 1922 until 2012, the WMO record for the highest official temperature on Earth was 57.8 °C (136.0 °F), registered on 13 September 1922, in 'Aziziya, Libya. The lowest air temperature ever measured by a weather station, minus 89 degrees Celsius (minus 128 degrees Fahrenheit), was recorded there at Russia's Vostok Station in July 1983.
Arsen Viter Temperatures are measured with weather stations and measure air temperature. Thus, the question of soil or surface temperature is a bit weird.
According to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Archive of Weather and Climate Extremes, the highest recorded temperature was 56.7 °C (134 °F) on July 07, 1913 in Furnace Creek, Death Valley, California, USA and the lowest ever recorded temperature was -89.2 °C (-128.6 °F) on July 21, 1983 in Vostok, Antarctica.
Source: https://wmo.asu.edu/content/world-meteorological-organization-global-weather-climate-extremes-archive
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