There are different treatment methods for wastewater for organic and inorganic(heavy metals) pollution. Majorly, chemical processes such as precipitation, oxidation, neutralization, electrolytic, ionic exchange, and adsorption are considered in cases of heavy pollution.
First, nano-adsorbents such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, grapheme, manganese oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide and ferric oxides that are usually applied for removal of heavy metals from the wastewater. Second, nano-catalysts such as photocatalyst, electrocatalyst, Fenton based catalyst, and chemical oxidant have been shown the potential for removing both organic and inorganic contaminants. Third, nano-membranes have been used for effective removal of dyes, heavy metals and foulants using carbon nanotube membranes, electrospun nanofibers and hybrid nano-membranes. Finally, the integration of nanotechnology with biological processes such as algal membrane bioreactor, anaerobic digestion and microbial fuel cell iis used with respect to its potential for wastewater purification.
Graphene based adsorbents for remediation of noxious pollutants from wastewater is used.Adsorption is one of the most efficient techniques for removing all most all types of pollutants i.e. inorganics and organics.After using in the wastewater purification as adsorbents of different toxic species (e.g., heavy metal ions and organic compounds), the spent graphene-based materials should be separated from the medium, regenerated, and then recycled. The separation of these materials is a boring process due to their small size. It depends on the nature of materials. Different techniques have been employed to effectively separate graphene-based materials from wastewater, among which the most substantial are centrifugation, cross-flow filtration, field-flow fractionation, and electric field (Ali et al., 2018c; Kim et al., 2006; Moeser et al., 2004. The recyclability of spent graphene-based materials is the other emergent problem.
So too much important to understand advantages and disadvantages of the processes.
Majorly is chemical process such as precipitation, oxidation, neutralization, ionic exchange and adsorption.
Photocatalysis seems to work best in instances of inorganic and organic pollutants removal. You can always support a photocatalyst such as titanium oxide with an adsorbent either a zeolite or Graphene nanocomposite to enhance the properties of the photocatalyst.
I suggest to you read this article:
Enhanced activation of persulfate by CuCoFe2O4@MC/AC as a novel nanomagnetic heterogeneous catalyst with ultrasonic for metronidazole degradation
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