In Clinical Chemistry we use different methods in determining glucose levels, as I have asked, what are these non-enzymatic tests that we may use and what are the principle it follows.
A new, nonenzymatic method for determining serum glucose. This method is based upon the direct electrochemical oxidation of glucose by means of stable nickel-catalyst that is electrodeposited onto a lead dioxide electrode surface. Linear calibration plots are obtained for glucose in the 0.1 to 4500 mg/liter range. Values for 23 sera with glucose concentrations ranging from 300 to 4300 mg/liter showed a linear correlation coefficient of 0.996 when compared with values reported by a hospital laboratory using the hexokinase method. Typically a 25-microliter sample is used, but samples as small as 5 microliter have been successfully analyzed. The sample is added to 25.00 ml of pH 13 electrolyte containing 1 mmol of NiSO4 per liter; the amount of increase in anodic current comproses the analytical signal. For 20 repetitive analyses of a serum specimen, the CV was less than 4%. Ascorbic acid is rapidly decomposed in the electrolyte used and thus does not interfere. Uric acid is inactive at the concentrations present in serum samples. The sensitivity and simplicity of the new method suggest it as an alternative to currently available procedures.
Schick KG, Magearu VG, Huber CO. Amperometric nonenzymatic determination of serum glucose by means of a nickel-catalyst electrode. Clin Chem. 1978 Mar;24(3):448-50. PMID: 630706.
The monitoring of glucose in blood is of importance in clinical applications. In this work, PtNi alloy nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed on graphene (PtNi alloy-graphene) was synthesized as a highly effective electrode material for glucose detection. Based on the modified PtNi alloy-graphene/glass carbon (PtNi alloy-graphene/GC) electrode, it is found that the PtNi alloy-graphene/GC electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance on glucose oxidation. Furthermore, the results from amperometric current–time curve show a good linear range of 0.5–15 mM with the limit of detection of 16 uM (S/N = 3) and a high sensitivity of 24.03 uAmM−1 cm−2. On account of the good selectivity and durability, the modified electrode was successfully applied on glucose detection in blood serum samples.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73567-2
Non enzymatic colorimetric detection of glucose using cyanophenyl boronic acid included β-cyclodextrin stabilized gold nanoparticles, with the principle of β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) is a cone-shaped molecule.Numerous hydroxyl groups make it hydrophilic at the cavity's outside surface, but the cavity itself is hydrophobic. β-CD is soluble in water and can enclose a variety of hydrophobic guest molecules in its non-polar cavity.
What tests are classified as Non Enzymatic methods that can be used for Glucose Determination and what are its principles?
Non Enzymatic methods that can be used Glucose determination include Amperometric nonenzymatic determination of serum glucose by means of a nickel-catalyst electrode. This process relies on electrochemically depositing a stable nickel catalyst onto the surface of a lead dioxide electrode in order to directly electrochemically oxidize glucose. Furthermore, Non-enzymatic detection of glucose using poly(azure A)-nickel modified glassy carbon electrode is another method for testing glucose. In this method, the electropolymerization of azure A and the adsorption of Ni(2+) resulted for the successful fabrication of the poly(azure A)-nickel modified glassy carbon electrode.
References:
Liu, T., Luo, Y., Zhu, J., Kong, L., Wang, W., & Tan, L. (2016). Non-enzymatic detection of glucose using poly(azure A)-nickel modified glassy carbon electrode. Talanta, 156-157, 134–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2016.04.053
Schick. (2016). Amperometric nonenzymatic determination of serum glucose by means of a nickel-catalyst electrode. Clinical Chemistry, 24(3). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/630706/
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