The methanolic crude plant extract is showing antibacterial activity and even methanol to water from 10% to 70% ratio. But when the crude extract loaded on a silica column , we are failing to get the same activity from the eluents. What would be the reason and what should be the choice of mobile phase. We have tried 40% to 70% methanol as mobile phase.
The crude extract contains many compounds, many of which have the anti-bacterial ability and others do not have that ability. When the separation was done, the active compounds were separated and the additive effect between them was lost. This is clearly shown in the LDP line of the crude extract.
The value of the LDP line slope is low. Because there are many different chemical compounds. This chemical compounds had a different mode of action.
Whatever the mobile phase, it will not change any of the results because it returns to the crude extract. The crude extract contains many active compounds and there is no effective single compound with high concentration.
There is a synergistic effect in crud extract between molecules, this effect is due to "Totum" or the total compounds.
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts
The concept of the plant totum is specific to medicinal plants. It can be defined as all the constituents of the plant, as in all the natural substances contained in the plant. The plant totum can contain several hundred different chemical constituents.
“ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts ” is the fundamental principle endorsed by Ibn Sina, doctor and philosopher, better known by the name Avicenna (980-1037, and the concept of the plant totum fits in with this. With the plant totum, the laws of mathematics are challenged, and 1+1 > 2.
Plants contain various active compounds, which each play a different role and act in harmony to achieve a given activity. This specific mode of action, which involves several substances at once, is called synergy of action (from the Greek synergos: to work together).
The phenomenon of synergy, recognized by all plant specialists, has been verified by numerous scientific experiments, as illustrated by the example of valerian (Valeriana officinalis).
In an experimental model, synergistic effects, potentiation, were demonstrated between two flavonoids: hesperidin and 6-methyl-apigenin. In fact, scientists have shown that the hypnotic effect of hesperidin is strongly potentiated by the presence of 6-methyl-apigenin, which itself is totally devoid of hypnotic properties (1).
Thus, the action of the plant differs from that of its isolated active ingredients. And it is the entirety of the constituents of the plant that allows its optimal activity to be expressed.
The plant totum therefore constitutes a complex and coherent collection of constituents specific to one part of the plant, which results in an associative value called synergy and which provides a different or additional effect compared to its constituents taken in isolation.
https://www.arkopharma.com/en-GB/plant-totum-11-2
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