you use a cryoprotectant to protect the nanoparticles from freezing damage, and up to my knowledge, you do not have a fixed concentration to use, you have to optimize accordingly with the final "product".
What I have seen is a concentration range in which each substance is used for this purpose, and some are described here, whether named as cryoprotectants or freeze-drying stabilizers: https://nurirjawati.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/handbook-of-pharmaceutical-excipients-6th-edition.pdf
The enclosed work can also give you an idea of how different cryoprotectants at different concentrations affect nanoparticle final properties.
you use a cryoprotectant to protect the nanoparticles from freezing damage, and up to my knowledge, you do not have a fixed concentration to use, you have to optimize accordingly with the final "product".
What I have seen is a concentration range in which each substance is used for this purpose, and some are described here, whether named as cryoprotectants or freeze-drying stabilizers: https://nurirjawati.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/handbook-of-pharmaceutical-excipients-6th-edition.pdf
The enclosed work can also give you an idea of how different cryoprotectants at different concentrations affect nanoparticle final properties.