Can efficiency of solar cell decrease with increase in absorber layer thickness. If absorber is p type and has high donor type defect concentration?

If absorber layer material of solar cell has donor defect concentration comparable to the acceptor hole concentration, Then what will happen to the cell efficiency with increase in absorber layer...

10 November 2017 5,498 8 View

Is there any way to find conductivity or carrier concentration of a film deposited on conductive substrate?

I have deposited a thin film on conductive ITO substrate. Now i wish to find out the conductivity of deposited thin film such that conductivity of ITO does not affect the measurement...

05 June 2017 867 6 View

How to make better adhesion of indium contact on CZTS or CdS layer?

i want to make indium contact on my CZTS and CdS sample. while doing this using soldering indium forms droplet and do not sticks to the surface. How can i make it.

03 April 2017 1,881 2 View

What is the standard procedure to Fabricate czts solar cell? My fill factor is below 30% what may be the possible reasons?

08 September 2016 6,145 9 View

Why nickel is deposited before aluminum deposition in making contact on solar cell.What is the thickness ratio for nickel and Al for good contact?

why nickel is deposited before aluminum deposition in making contact on solar cell.What is the thickness ratio for nickel and aluminum for good contact?

02 March 2016 5,526 7 View

What information is obtained by Mott-Schottky Rs-Cp/Rp and Rs-Cs curve?

What are the information we can obtain and what exactly the meaning of Rs, Cs, Rp, Cp. If measurement is taken in three electrode electrochemical setup.

08 September 2015 8,302 0 View

What are the possible reasons for getting band gap more than 2eV of CZTS thin film?

I am trying to make CZTS thin film however its bandgap is coming more than 2eV.What are the possible reasons for this?I had annealed the film at 350C. 1.What are the possible phases that cause...

10 November 2014 1,274 5 View

I want to model CZTS solar cell in silvaco atlas. However, the material is not available in the simulator. How can I create a new material file?

How can i create new material file in silvaco atlas. Help me regarding this and suggest any reference for this.

09 October 2014 5,566 2 View

How can I prepare a uniform thin layer of CZTS by spin coating method?

I have prepared the solution for CZTS deposition using ethanol +DI water. But after heating the coated sample at high temperature, bubble spots are coming and thus the uniformity of thin layer is...

07 August 2014 3,339 6 View

How do you find the band gap from diffuse reflectance data of CZTS thin film?

The data is attached here. Kindly help me in finding band gap.

06 July 2014 9,854 1 View

flexibility of polymers chain

effect of double bond on the flexibility of polymers

07 April 2021 0 0 View

Formulation of polymer color flakes

I am writing to request some information for making polymer color flakes. I would appreciate the help.

17 March 2021 0 0 View

What is the production process of CaFe ferroalloys?

I looking for ferro calcium production process

03 March 2021 1,755 4 View

12% ledeburitic cold work tool steel, etched for revealing retained austenite, any help for clarifying?

Hello everyone. Given microstructure image belongs to a 12% ledeburitic cold work tool steel (annealed and tempered). The sample was etched with picral (100 mL ethanol and 4 g picric acid). I...

02 March 2021 4,119 3 View

How Can I bring as much common elements in steel as possible to calculate stable phase(s) in OpenCalphad?

As I was tweaking step-by-step OpenCalphad6 Macros step1.ocm involving phase and thermal property calculation of a High-speed steel, I could not incorporate more than 6 elements in the steel...

01 March 2021 8,840 1 View

How can you bring two structures together to create an adhesive bond in LAMMPS?

I have created an Ice 1h crystalline structure and an Aluminium substrate structure and equilibrated both at 250K. Now I need to bring them together in a way that an adhesive bond is created....

01 March 2021 3,325 2 View

What is the density for pva electrospining?

I'm Juan Carlos, a high school student who is working with electropinning, I made an electropinning machine with a 21g needle and a 30kv high voltage source and the distance between my needle is...

28 February 2021 298 3 View

Is anyone familiar with the cyclic compressive fatigue testing (BS EN 12697 - 25) ?

I would like to get more information on the cyclic compressive fatigue testing (BS EN 12697 - 25) which is typically done for bituminous material in pavement design. Any one can advise on the...

28 February 2021 2,004 3 View

For modelling epoxy-based matrices (in composites), which model in ABAQUS is the most suitable, Concrete damaged plasticity or Drucker-Prager model?

I am working on developing a micromechanical FE model for predicting kink-band formation in UD composites. To model matrix plasticity, which model, out of Concrete Damaged Plasticity and...

28 February 2021 5,415 1 View

How to calculate Z (the number of molecules in a unit cell) for calculating theoretical density?

I am trying to calculate the theoretical density of my ceramics materials. I use the formula below to calculate the theoretical density: Theoretical density = (Molecular weight x No. of molecules...

24 February 2021 3,823 2 View