Some scholars described the philosopher role to test the reality. Ontology is concerned with the nature and relations of being. Ontology asks questions such as ‘what is the nature of reality?’. When we examine a social phenomenon, ontology asks ‘is this phenomenon present or not?’ They investigate the nature and findings of many branches of knowledge, check the assumptions upon which they build their knowledge, the problems to which they give rise to and seek to establish a coherent view of the whole sphere of experience. Further, Klein (2005) defined epistemology as one vital component of philosophy and as being concerned with the nature, source and limits of knowledge. A basic objective is expected to be formed through the epistemological analysis of the research methodology and answering the question ‘are these epistemological assumptions consistent with the researcher’s own views?’ Epistemology attempts to answer the question of 'what is knowledge and how can we obtain it?'. Quine (1988) argued that a suitable epistemology should be empirically informed and should be dependent on science and not independent of it.
Based on above and from your experience, what other philosophical positions should be considered?
Science, using empiricism as its foundations, has its limitations. If one believes the world is made of only physical stuff, then creates a system of discovery to detect physical stuff, then all one is going to find is physical stuff. It's self prophesizing in this regard. Furthermore it leads to the view that reality is a block universe, which time and space do not change. So basically, we are like Humean billiard balls going down an incline plane, no freewill, just matter in motion.
Many believe that reason, logic, and common sense are ways to avoid a physicalist monist perspective like I've stated above. Descartes believed that there are two kinds of "stuff", mental stuff and physical stuff. Through only using reason, he was able to come to this conclusion. H came to his conclusion by sitting in his room and searched for one thing he was certain of, which came to be " I think therefore I am". From this small kernel of knowledge he was able to climb out of the "cave" of ignorance into the light of reason.
Through a common sense perspective, that of Thomas Reid, one would notice that we do have mental events such as the intentional side of our mind, which is ideas, desires, and motives. And also we have another side of the mind, which is the phenomena side. This side is our experiences of feelings, sensations and perceptions such as qualia. These two pillars of consciousness, that of intentions and phenomena don't seem like the hard matter that the scientific philosopher objective discovers, because it's a subjective experience.
William James, a radical empiricist is a special breed or empiricism. His view on empiricism takes all experiences equally, even those of phenomena and intentions. These are subjective states, where, on the other hand science tries to stay purely objective.
@Ra'ed (Moh'd Taisir) Masa'deh , you have asked a very interesting and valuable question, indeed. I am sure it would have multiple answers based on our diverse context knowledge. In my opinion, Clement and Shade in 1998 introduced Rainbow Metaphor for Information Infrastructure (II) which should be positioned in IS, as well.
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