Generally, semi-rigid pavement is used in China, composed of asphalt mixture surface layers and cement stabilized macadam base layers.
Kindly review below reference;
https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/pdf/projects_sources/riser_guidelines_for_roadside_infrastructure_on_new_and_existing_roads.pdf
It really depends how you define "low-grade". However in Poland flexible pavements are still the most popular solution ( AC + unbound aggregate layer + cement/other hydraulic binder when ground conditions are demanding). For extreme low traffic road we allow cobblestone (actuall stone or concrete ones). By low traffic I mean the amount of ESAL of 100kN between 30 000 to 90 000 in 20years perspective.
Flexible pavements (Hot-mix asphalt over granular base over subgrade) are the mostly used type of structures in most region of the word for any type of terrain and truck levels. In Tunisia, these pavements account for more than 99% of the roads (very few sections as rigid and semi-rigid). In the states, flexible pavements account for 94% of paved roads (the rest are rigid or composite).
In Libya, it is quiet similar to Tunisia. flexible pavement structure of a hot-mix asphalt layer over a granular base/sub base on top of a sandy-clayey sub grade soil is the most common type of used pavement despite the location and the traffic loading of the area. This practice is applied throughout the region.
By saying that, though, there are few circumstances where pavement structure is made of a thin layer of HMA laid directly on the sub-grade where soil posses high strength.
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