What is your scientific explanation about "shrinkage of an air-filled bottle if it is placed underwater, and what is your conclusion about risk to divers"?
The air is not shrinking for it it were then it would be lost once the starting depth was reached. as a diver decends from "0 feet" to 33 feet (one atmosphere) the air is compressed approx 25%. That's why if a diver runs out of air at 50 ft the diver should continue to exhale for the compressed air in the lungs will continue to expand. If a diver holds hi breath then that would cause an adverse affect on his lungs. Divers will always have a risk, however an informed diver is a safe diver...USNavy diving tables are always used by rescue divers and pro divers.
This can be simply explained by understanding gas laws and the increase of pressure due to the weight/density of water around the bottle. Everything else has to do with the static stability of the bottle.
Regarding lungs: As long as there is no pressured air/gas put to your lungs and then a decrease in surrounding pressure happens (e.g. by ascending), there is no severe danger to lungs. Furthermore, in the literature towards Apnoe you will find lots of information regarding physiological processes such as "Blood Shift".
Gas laws important in this context encompass the ideal gas equation (Boyle-Mariott/Gay-Lussac/Chales), the partial pressure concept as expressed in Dalton's Law, and the Law of Henry (which denotes the ability of gas solution in liquids under high-pressured conditions....
But basically... this question can be best answered, if you take one of the basic diving course theory books or do an open-water-diving course ;)
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