The composition of nanofertilizers can facilitate the efficient nutrient uptake, soil fertility restoration, ultra-high absorption, increased photosynthesis, increased production, reduced soil toxicity, decreased frequency of application, increased plant health, and reduced environmental pollution. Nanofertilizers (NFs) are the best alternative to traditional chemical fertilizers. Nutrients use efficiency of NFs is higher than the conventional chemical fertilizers. NFs can increase the tolerance of plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. Nanofertilizers offer benefits in nutrition management through their strong potential to increase nutrient use efficiency. Nutrients either applied alone or in combination, are bound to nano-dimensional adsorbents, which release nutrients very slowly as compared to conventional fertilizers.

Nanofertilizers offer benefits in nutrition management through their strong potential to increase nutrient use efficiency. Nutrients either applied alone or in combination, are bound to nano-dimensional adsorbents, which release nutrients very slowly as compared to conventional fertilizers. Nanofertilizers (NFs) are the best alternative to traditional chemical fertilizers. Nutrients use efficiency of NFs is higher than the conventional chemical fertilizers. NFs can increase the tolerance of plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. Nanotechnology can support agriculture and alleviate environmental challenges by producing nano pesticides and managing plant diseases. This can be achieved by using eco-friendly nanoparticles to improve the effectiveness of chemicals at lower dosages. Nano-fertilizers are of submicroscopic sizes, have a large surface area to volume ratio, can have nutrient encapsulation, and greater mobility hence they may increase plant nutrient access and crop yield. Due to these properties, nano-fertilizers are regarded as deliverable smart system of nutrients. Nano fertilizers are essential resources in agriculture in order to increase crop production, quality, productivity, and boost nutrient uptake. Nano-fertilizer is efficient for specific use of nutrients at appropriate time of plant growth and can provide nutrients as a whole with the crop. Nano-fertilizers are more reactive, can penetrate the epidermis allowing for gradual release, and targeted distribution, and thus reducing nutrients surplus, enhancing nutrient use efficiency. We also, concluded that NPs are crucial in alleviating abiotic stress and heavy metal toxicity.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.635114/full